27a.1
引证
（续上）他们各说：把它们端上 棚 去。
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而他们各自说：把它们端上 棚 去。
and they each said: Take them up to the sukka.
← 住棚卷总目·第二章 睡者
这不是译本，是辅读层。中文承载文本本身，并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释，以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文，其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的，不是判断。
这一面每读 4 句，只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来， 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德；标出来，他才知道自己站在哪里。
（续上）他们各说：把它们端上 棚 去。
而他们各自说：把它们端上 棚 去。
and they each said: Take them up to the sukka.
人给 拉比撒督 不到一个 鸡子之量 的食物，他用布包着拿，在 棚 外吃了，吃后没诵祝谢。革玛拉推知：若给他一个 鸡子之量，他就须在 棚 里吃。可说这是对 拉夫约瑟 与 阿巴耶——说那样的量可作便饭在 棚 外吃——的确凿驳斥？答：从这里引不出证据：密释纳所以强调 拉比撒督 吃了不到一个 鸡子之量，或许是因为吃不到一个 鸡子之量 不须洗手、吃后不须诵祝谢，吃一个 鸡子之量 则须洗手、须诵祝谢。
而当他们给 拉比撒督 不到一个 鸡子之量 的食物时，他用一块布拿着那食物，在 棚 外面吃了它，吃了以后也没有诵一个祝谢。
And when they gave Rabbi Tzadok less than an egg-bulk of food, he took the food in a cloth and he ate it outside the sukka and did not recite a blessing after eating it.
革玛拉推知：他们若是给了他一个 鸡子之量 的食物，他就须要在一座 棚 里吃它。
The Gemara infers: Had they given him an egg-bulk of food, he would have been required to eat it in a sukka.
我们可否说这是对 拉夫约瑟 与 阿巴耶 之意见的一个确凿驳斥？他们说人可以在 棚 外面，以一顿随便之餐的方式吃那样的量。
Let us say that this is a conclusive refutation of the opinion of Rav Yosef and Abaye, who said that one is permitted to eat that measure in the context of a casual meal outside the sukka.
革玛拉答：从这里引不出证据，因为或许这条密释纳所以强调 拉比撒督 吃了不到一个 鸡子之量 的食物，理由是吃不到一个 鸡子之量 不须要洗手，吃了以后也不须要诵一个祝谢；然而吃一个 鸡子之量 就须要洗手，也须要诵一个祝谢。
The Gemara answers: No proof can be cited from here, because perhaps the reason the mishna emphasizes that Rabbi Tzadok ate less than an egg-bulk of food is that eating less than an egg-bulk does not require washing hands and reciting a blessing after eating it; however, eating an egg-bulk requires washing and reciting a blessing.
密释纳：拉比以利以谢 说：人在住棚节七日里须在 棚 里吃十四餐，每日白天一餐、每夜一餐。众拉比说：餐数没有定额，每一餐吃不吃都可自选，只有住棚节首日晚上那一餐，须在 棚 里吃。
拉比以利以谢 说：一个人在住棚节七日的期间里，有义务在 棚 里吃十四餐，就是每日白天一餐，每夜晚上一餐。
Rabbi Eliezer says: A person is obligated to eat fourteen meals in the sukka over the course of the seven days of the festival of Sukkot, one during the day each day and one at night each night.
而众拉比说：餐数没有定额，人对于任何一餐都可以选择吃或不吃，只除了住棚节第一个节日晚上的那一餐，那是人须要在 棚 里吃的。
And the Rabbis say: There is no quota for the number of meals, and one may choose whether or not to eat any of the meals except for the meal on the evening of the first Festival day of Sukkot, which one is required to eat in the sukka.
拉比以利以谢 又说：节期首日晚上没吃一餐的，当在节期末日晚上、即第八日严肃会之夜补吃一餐，虽然他不是在 棚 里吃。众拉比说：这事无从补；类似无法补救未行积极诫命的情形，经上说：「弯曲的不能变直，缺少的不能足数」（传道书 1:15）。
况且，拉比以利以谢 说：在节期第一日晚上没有吃一餐的人，当在节期末日的晚上，就是第八日严肃会，补吃一餐，尽管他并不是在 棚 里吃它。
And furthermore, Rabbi Eliezer said: One who did not eat a meal on the evening of the first day of the Festival should compensate with a meal on the evening of the last day of the Festival, on the Eighth Day of Assembly, despite the fact that he will not eat it in the sukka.
而众拉比说：这件事没有补救；论类似那些无法补救未行一条积极诫命的情形，经上说：「弯曲的不能变直，缺少的不能足数」（传道书 1:15）。
And the Rabbis say: There is no compensation for this matter, and with regard to similar cases where it is impossible to rectify failure to fulfill a positive mitzva, it is stated: “That which is crooked cannot be made straight; and that which is wanting cannot be numbered” (Ecclesiastes 1:15).
革玛拉问：拉比以利以谢 规定在 棚 里吃十四餐，理由何在？答：他从「你们要住在棚里」（利未记 23:42）推出——众贤解作：住得像你住在长久的家里一样；正如人在家里通常白天一餐、夜里一餐，在 棚 里也白天一餐、夜里一餐。
革玛拉问：拉比以利以谢 规定要在 棚 里吃十四餐，他意见的理由是什么？
The Gemara asks: What is the rationale for the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, who mandates eating fourteen meals in the sukka?
革玛拉答：他是从这节经推出他的意见的：「你们要住在棚里」（利未记 23:42），众贤把它解作：要住得像你住在你长久的家里一样。
The Gemara answers that he derives his opinion from the verse: “In sukkot shall you reside” (Leviticus 23:42), which the Sages interpreted to mean: Reside as you dwell in your permanent home.
所以，正如人在他的居所里通常白天吃一餐、夜里吃一餐，同样，在 棚 里人也白天吃一餐、夜里吃一餐。
Therefore, just as in one’s dwelling one typically eats one meal during the day and one meal at night, so too, in a sukka one eats one meal during the day and one meal at night.
革玛拉问：众拉比怎样解那节经？答：他们解作 棚 如同长久的居所：正如在家里，想吃就吃，不想就不吃；在 棚 里也一样，想吃就吃，不想就不吃。
革玛拉问：而众拉比又怎样解释那节经呢？
The Gemara asks: And how do the Rabbis interpret that verse?
革玛拉答：他们解释说：一座 棚 如同一个长久的居所。
The Gemara answers: They explain that a sukka is like a permanent dwelling.
正如在人的居所里，人若想吃，他就吃；人若不想这样做，他就不吃；同样，在 棚 里，人若想吃，他就吃；人若不想这样做，他就不吃。
Just as in one’s dwelling, if one desires to eat, he eats, and if one does not desire to do so, he does not eat, so too, in the sukka, if one desires to eat, he eats, and if one does not desire to do so, he does not eat.
革玛拉问：若是这样，照众拉比，连节期首晚也不必在 棚 里吃了。
革玛拉问：若是这样，那么照众拉比，即便在第一个节日的晚上，人也不该被要求在 棚 里吃。
The Gemara asks: If so, then according to the Rabbis, even on the first Festival evening as well one should not be required to eat in the sukka.
拉比约哈难 以 拉比西缅·本·耶何撒达 之名说：逾越节与住棚节之间有字面类推：这里论住棚节说：「这七月十五日是住棚节，要在耶和华面前守这节七日」（利未记 23:34）；论逾越节说：「这月十五日是向耶和华守的除酵节」（利未记 23:6）。正如那里逾越节首夜有吃无酵饼之义务、此后可随意——此后唯一的义务是不吃有酵之物；这里住棚节也是首夜有在 棚 里吃之义务，此后可随意。
拉比约哈难 以 拉比西缅·本·耶何撒达 之名说：逾越节与住棚节这两个节期之间，有一个字面类推。
Rabbi Yoḥanan said in the name of Rabbi Shimon ben Yehotzadak: There is a verbal analogy between the festivals of Passover and Sukkot.
这里论住棚节说：「这七月十五日是住棚节，要在耶和华面前守这节七日」（利未记 23:34）。
It is stated here, with regard to Sukkot: “On the fifteenth day of this seventh month is the festival of Sukkot for seven days unto the Lord” (Leviticus 23:34).
论逾越节又说：「这月十五日是向耶和华守的除酵节」（利未记 23:6）。
And it is stated: “And on the fifteenth day of the same month is the festival of matzot unto the Lord” (Leviticus 23:6) with regard to the festival of Passover.
正如在那里，论逾越节，在第一夜有吃 无酵饼 的义务，而从那时以后就是随意的，因为从那时以后唯一的义务是不吃有酵之物；同样在这里，论住棚节，在第一夜有在 棚 里吃的义务，而从那时以后就是随意的。
Just as there, with regard to Passover, on the first night there is an obligation to eat matza and from that point onward it is optional, as from that point onward the only obligation is to refrain from eating leaven, so too here, with regard to Sukkot, on the first night there is an obligation to eat in the sukka and from that point onward it is optional.
革玛拉问：那里论逾越节，从何推出首夜有吃无酵饼的义务？答：经上说：「到晚上……要吃无酵饼」（出埃及记 12:18）——经文把它定为义务。
革玛拉问：而在那里，论逾越节，我们从哪里推出在第一夜有吃 无酵饼 的义务？
The Gemara asks: And there, with regard to Passover, from where do we derive that there is an obligation to eat matza on the first night?
革玛拉答：经上说：「到晚上，你们要吃无酵饼」（出埃及记 12:18）。
The Gemara answers that the verse says: “In the evening you shall eat matzot” (Exodus 12:18).
这节经把它定为一项义务。
The verse established it as an obligation.
密释纳续：拉比以利以谢 又说：节期首日晚上没吃一餐的，当在节期末日晚上补一餐。革玛拉问：拉比以利以谢 岂不是说人须在 棚 里吃十四餐、白天一餐夜里一餐？第八日严肃会之夜所补的一餐却不在 棚 里吃。贝拉 传 拉比阿米 说：拉比以利以谢 收回了先前的话，同意众拉比：在 棚 里所须吃的餐数没有定额，只有节期首晚那一餐须在 棚 里吃；他们所争的，是首晚没吃那一餐时的补吃。
密释纳接着说：况且，拉比以利以谢 说：在节期第一日晚上没有吃一餐的人，当在节期末日的晚上补吃一餐。
§ The mishna continues: And furthermore, Rabbi Eliezer said that one who did not eat a meal on the evening of the first day of the Festival should compensate with a meal on the evening of the last day of the Festival.
革玛拉问：可是 拉比以利以谢 岂不是说：一个人有义务在 棚 里吃十四餐，白天一餐、晚上一餐吗？
The Gemara asks: But didn’t Rabbi Eliezer say that a person is obligated to eat fourteen meals in the sukka, one during the day and one at night?
然而第八日严肃会晚上的补吃一餐，并不是在 棚 里吃的。
However, the compensatory meal on the evening of the Eighth Day of Assembly is not eaten in the sukka.
贝拉 传 拉比阿米 说：拉比以利以谢 收回了他先前的话，同意众拉比：人须在 棚 里吃的餐数没有定额，只有节期第一晚的那一餐，是人须在 棚 里吃的。
Beira said that Rabbi Ami said: Rabbi Eliezer retracted his previous statement and agrees with the Rabbis that there is no quota for the meals that one must eat in the sukka, and it is only the meal on the first evening of the Festival that one must eat in the sukka.
他们的争论，是关于人若没有吃第一晚那一餐时的补吃。
Their dispute is with regard to compensation if one failed to eat the meal on the first evening.
革玛拉问：他用什么补那没吃的节期之餐？若说用饼补，他这样就是在吃第八日严肃会本身的节筵，怎么看得出是补另一餐？「他当补」是什么意思？是当加几样珍馐来补。这也在 《巴拉伊塔》 里教过：他若加几样珍馐来补，就尽了本分。
革玛拉问：他要用什么来补他没有吃的节期之餐？
The Gemara asks: With what will he compensate for his failure to eat the Festival meal?
我们若说他用饼来补，他这样就是在吃那第八日严肃会的节筵；怎能看得出这是补另一餐呢？
If we say that he compensates with bread, he is thereby eating the festive meal of that Eighth Day of Assembly; how is it obvious that it is compensation for a different meal?
那么，「他当补」是什么意思？
Rather, what is the meaning of: He should compensate?
它的意思是：他当借着加上几样珍馐来补。
It means that he should compensate by adding types of delicacies [targima].
「珍馐」原文作 targima（טַרְגִּימָא），英译以方括号附注，中文不写罗马字。
这也在一条 《巴拉伊塔》 里教过：他若借着加上几样珍馐来补，他就尽了他的本分。
That is taught in a baraita as well: If he compensated by adding types of delicacies, he fulfilled his obligation.
亚基帕王 的 管家 问 拉比以利以谢：像我这样习惯一天只吃一餐的人，哈拉哈 如何？我吃一餐、就免了那天再吃的义务，够吗？拉比以利以谢 对他说：你每天为顺从自己的口腹，接着吃、尝各样开胃小菜；如今为敬重你的造物主，连一样小菜也不接着吃吗？
亚基帕王 的管家［管家］问 拉比以利以谢：像我这样一个习惯每天只吃一餐的人，哈拉哈 是怎样的？
The steward [apotropos] of King Agrippas asked Rabbi Eliezer: For someone like me, who is accustomed to eat only one meal a day, what is the halakha?
我吃一餐、就免除自己那天再吃的义务，这样够吗？
Is it sufficient that I eat one meal and exempt myself from the obligation to eat any more that day?
拉比以利以谢 对他说：你每天都为顺从你自己的欲望而接着吃，尝各种开胃的小菜；而如今你为敬重你的造物主，连一样开胃小菜也不接着吃吗？
Rabbi Eliezer said to him: Each day you continue eating and taste various kinds of appetizers in deference to your own desires, and now you do not continue eating even one appetizer in deference to your Maker?
管家又问 拉比以利以谢：像我这样有两个妻子，一个在提比里亚、一个在 西弗里，又有两座 棚，一座在提比里亚、一座在 西弗里，哈拉哈 如何？我可以从这座 棚 迁到那座 棚、而免了义务吗——即许不许节期一部分在一座 棚 里尽诫命、其余在另一座？拉比以利以谢 对他说：不可，因我说：凡从一座 棚 迁到另一座的，就废了前一座的诫命；义务是七日都住在同一座 棚 里。
那管家又问 拉比以利以谢：像我这样一个有两个妻子的人，一个在提比里亚，一个在 西弗里，又有两座 棚，一座在提比里亚，一座在 西弗里，哈拉哈 是怎样的？
And the steward further asked Rabbi Eliezer: For someone like me, who has two wives, one in Tiberias and one in Tzippori, and has two sukkot, one in Tiberias and one in Tzippori, what is the halakha?
我可以从一座 棚 迁到另一座 棚，而免除自己的义务吗？
Can I depart from one sukka to another sukka and exempt myself from the obligation?
换句话说，人可否在住棚节的一部分时间里于一座 棚 里尽这条诫命，而节期其余的时间在另一座里尽？
In other words, is it permitted to fulfill the mitzva in one sukka for part of Sukkot and in another for the rest of the Festival?
拉比以利以谢 对他说：不可，因为我说：凡从一座 棚 迁到另一座 棚 的人，就废弃了第一座的诫命。
Rabbi Eliezer said to him: No, as I say that anyone who departs from one sukka to another sukka has negated the mitzva of the first.
义务是在全部七日里都住在同一座 棚 里。
The obligation is to reside in the same sukka for all seven days.
有 《巴拉伊塔》 教导：拉比以利以谢 说：（下接 27之间）
有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教导：拉比以利以谢 说：
It is taught in a baraita that Rabbi Eliezer says: