——一肘见方、高三肘。众贤就把洁净之池所要的水量定作四十 塞亚 。
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——一肘见方、高三肘。
A cubit, by a cubit, by a height of three cubits.
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众贤就把洁净之池所要的水量定作四十 塞亚 。
And the Sages measured the measure of the water necessary for a ritual bath at forty se’a.
← 逾越节卷总目·第十章 逾越节前夕
这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 8 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
——一肘见方、高三肘。众贤就把洁净之池所要的水量定作四十 塞亚 。
——一肘见方、高三肘。
A cubit, by a cubit, by a height of three cubits.
众贤就把洁净之池所要的水量定作四十 塞亚 。
And the Sages measured the measure of the water necessary for a ritual bath at forty se’a.
革玛拉引一段与量度相干的议论。拉夫阿施 说:拉维恩·巴尔·希纳纳 对我说:圣殿里那张摆陈设饼的桌子,是几块拼起来的。因你心里若以为那桌子是牢牢接死、拆不开的,祭司怎能把一肘见方的东西浸在一肘见方的水里呢?那桌子长二肘、宽一肘、高一肘半。那桌子若染了不洁,就当浸在洁净之池里。而洁净之池若只有一肘见方那么大,这桌子非拆开不能放进去。
革玛拉引一段与量度相干的议论。
The Gemara cites a discussion related to the topic of measurements.
拉夫阿施 说:拉维恩·巴尔·希纳纳 对我说:圣殿里那张摆陈设饼的桌子,是几块拼起来的。
Rav Ashi said: Ravin bar Ḥinnana said to me: The table of the Temple, upon which the shewbread was placed, was comprised of assembled parts.
因你心里若以为那桌子是牢牢接死、拆不开的,祭司怎能把一肘见方的东西浸在一肘见方的水里呢?
For if it should enter your mind that the table was firmly connected and could not be taken apart, how could the priests immerse a cubit in a cubit?
那桌子长二肘、宽一肘、高一肘半。
The dimensions of the table were two cubits by one cubit, with a height of one and a half cubits.
那桌子若染了不洁,就当浸在洁净之池里。
If the table contracted ritual impurity, it had to be immersed in a ritual bath.
而洁净之池若只有一肘见方那么大,这桌子非拆开不能放进去。
If a ritual bath contains an area of one cubit by one cubit, the table can fit inside only if it is dismantled.
革玛拉应道:这有什么难处呢?祭司或者是把它浸在所罗门王所造的那海里——那是一个极宽的洁净之池,如经上说:「他又铸一个铜海,样式是圆的,从这边到那边有十肘」(列王纪上 7:23)。因 拉比希亚 教道:所罗门所造的那海,所盛的水抵得一百五十个洁净之池。在那海里,连极大的器皿也断然浸得。
革玛拉应道:这有什么难处呢?
The Gemara responds: What is the difficulty?
祭司或者是把它浸在所罗门王所造的那海里——那是一个极宽的洁净之池,如经上说:「他又铸一个铜海,样式是圆的,从这边到那边有十肘」(列王纪上 7:23)。
Perhaps the priest would immerse it in the sea that King Solomon built, which was a very wide ritual bath, as it states: “And he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim, round in compass” (I Kings 7:23).
因 拉比希亚 教道:所罗门所造的那海,所盛的水抵得一百五十个洁净之池。
As Rabbi Ḥiyya taught: The sea that Solomon built contained the volume of water of one hundred and fifty ritual purification baths.
在那海里,连极大的器皿也断然浸得。
It was certainly possible to immerse even large vessels in this sea.
我们在密释纳里学过:连以色列中至穷的人,施舍的人给他也不可少给四杯酒。革玛拉问:众贤怎能定下一件叫人自陷危险的事呢?不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教道:人不可吃成双的食物;不可喝成双的杯;不可用成双的擦;行房也不可成双。所虑的是:人用成双,就把自己露在邪术与鬼魔之前。既如此,众贤何以定规叫人喝成双的杯、把自己置在险处呢?
我们在密释纳里学过:连以色列中至穷的人,施舍的人给他也不可少给四杯酒。
We learned in the mishna that even with regard to the poorest of Jews, the charity distributors should not give him less than four cups of wine.
革玛拉问:众贤怎能定下一件叫人自陷危险的事呢?
The Gemara asks: How could the Sages establish a matter through which one will come to expose himself to danger?
不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教道:人不可吃成双的食物;不可喝成双的杯;不可用成双的擦;行房也不可成双。
But wasn’t it taught in a baraita: A person should not eat pairs, i.e., an even number of food items; and he should not drink pairs of cups; and he should not wipe himself with pairs; and he should not attend to his sexual needs in pairs.
所虑的是:人用成双,就把自己露在邪术与鬼魔之前。
The concern was that one who uses pairs exposes himself to sorcery or demons.
既如此,众贤何以定规叫人喝成双的杯、把自己置在险处呢?
Why would the Sages require one to drink an even number of cups and thereby place himself in a position of danger?
拉夫纳赫曼 说:经上说「这夜是耶和华的守夜」(出埃及记 12:42),这就显明逾越之夜是一个蒙看守的夜,各样鬼魔与害人的灵都近不得。既如此,那一夜就不必虑这一样危险。
拉夫纳赫曼 说:经上说「这夜是耶和华的守夜」(出埃及记 12:42),这就显明逾越之夜是一个蒙看守的夜,各样鬼魔与害人的灵都近不得。
Rav Naḥman said that the verse said: “It was a night of watching to the Lord” (Exodus 12:42), which indicates that Passover night is a night that remains guarded from demons and harmful spirits of all kinds.
既如此,那一夜就不必虑这一样危险。
Therefore, there is no cause for concern about this form of danger on this particular night.
拉瓦 另答一样:逾越之夜那一杯念 《谢饭祷》 的酒,另担着一条诫命,并不单是显自由的一样。既如此,它在好的一面与别几杯算在一处——就是算作尽了「喝四杯」这条诫命;在坏的一面却不算在一处。论成双之危,这就如同人只喝了三杯一般。拉维纳 说:众贤所立的乃是四个各自分明的杯,各杯都照显自由的样式喝下。既如此,每一杯
拉瓦 另答一样:逾越之夜那一杯念 《谢饭祷》 的酒,另担着一条诫命,并不单是显自由的一样。
Rava said a different answer: The cup of blessing for Grace after Meals on Passover night is used in the performance of an additional mitzva and is not simply an expression of freedom.
既如此,它在好的一面与别几杯算在一处——就是算作尽了「喝四杯」这条诫命;在坏的一面却不算在一处。
Therefore, it combines with the other cups for the good, i.e., to fulfill the mitzva to drink four cups, and it does not combine for the bad.
论成双之危,这就如同人只喝了三杯一般。
With regard to the danger of drinking pairs of cups, it is as though one drinks only three cups.
拉维纳 说:众贤所立的乃是四个各自分明的杯,各杯都照显自由的样式喝下。
Ravina said: The Sages instituted four separate cups, each of which is consumed in a manner that demonstrates freedom.
既如此,每一杯
Therefore, each and every one