或者那条 《巴拉伊塔》 的文字有讹,既如此,就不能拿它来驳。
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或者那条 《巴拉伊塔》 的文字有讹,既如此,就不能拿它来驳。
Perhaps this baraita is corrupted, and therefore it cannot serve as the basis of an objection.
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这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 6 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
或者那条 《巴拉伊塔》 的文字有讹,既如此,就不能拿它来驳。
或者那条 《巴拉伊塔》 的文字有讹,既如此,就不能拿它来驳。
Perhaps this baraita is corrupted, and therefore it cannot serve as the basis of an objection.
玛雷马尔 对他说——也有人说这话是 拉夫耶马尔 说的——我一日到了 拉夫阿米之子拉夫非尼哈 的节期讲席上,那位诵 《密释纳》 的 坦拿 起来,在他面前诵了这条 《巴拉伊塔》,他领受了。这一件正证明上头那样文字是众人所受、算得准的。既如此,上头据那条 《巴拉伊塔》 驳 拉夫帕帕 的话就仍旧难通。倒不如说:拉夫帕帕 那一答不够,密释纳到底当照 拉夫胡纳 所解的去懂。换句话说,密释纳是合 拉比约西 的意思的——他虽执定安息日与别节前一日直到天黑都吃得,却也说逾越节前一日从挨近「小 午祷 」起到天黑,是不可吃的。
玛雷马尔 对他说——也有人说这话是 拉夫耶马尔 说的——我一日到了 拉夫阿米之子拉夫非尼哈 的节期讲席上,那位诵 《密释纳》 的 坦拿 起来,在他面前诵了这条 《巴拉伊塔》,他领受了。
Mareimar said to him, and some say it was Rav Yeimar: I happened to come to the Festival lecture of Rav Pineḥas, son of Rav Ami, and the tanna who recited mishnayot stood up and taught this baraita before him, and he accepted it.
这一件正证明上头那样文字是众人所受、算得准的。
This incident proves that the above version of the baraita is accepted and considered accurate.
既如此,上头据那条 《巴拉伊塔》 驳 拉夫帕帕 的话就仍旧难通。
If so, the aforementioned objection to Rav Pappa’s opinion on the basis of the baraita remains difficult.
倒不如说:拉夫帕帕 那一答不够,密释纳到底当照 拉夫胡纳 所解的去懂。
Rather, Rav Pappa’s answer is insufficient, and it is clear that the mishna must be understood in accordance with the explanation of Rav Huna.
换句话说,密释纳是合 拉比约西 的意思的——他虽执定安息日与别节前一日直到天黑都吃得,却也说逾越节前一日从挨近「小 午祷 」起到天黑,是不可吃的。
In other words, the mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who maintains that although one may eat until dark on the eves of Shabbat and other Festivals, it is prohibited to eat on Passover eve from shortly before the lesser minḥa until nightfall.
革玛拉问:那么照 拉夫胡纳 所解的,就讲得通么?拉比耶利米 不是传 拉比约哈难 的话说——也有人说是 拉比阿巴胡 传 拉比哈尼纳之子拉比约西 的话说——论逾越节前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 的意思断;论安息日前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比约西 的意思断么?
革玛拉问:那么照 拉夫胡纳 所解的,就讲得通么?
The Gemara asks: And according to the explanation of Rav Huna, does it work out well?
拉比耶利米 不是传 拉比约哈难 的话说——也有人说是 拉比阿巴胡 传 拉比哈尼纳之子拉比约西 的话说——论逾越节前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 的意思断;论安息日前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比约西 的意思断么?
But didn’t Rabbi Yirmeya say that Rabbi Yoḥanan said, and some say that Rabbi Abbahu said that Rabbi Yosei bar Rabbi Ḥanina said: The halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda with regard to the eve of Passover, and the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei with regard to the eve of Shabbat?
革玛拉从上头那一句推道:既然非说「论逾越节前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 断」不可,就反推出 拉比约西 在两处都相争——安息日与别节的前一日是一处,逾越节前一日又是一处。既如此,密释纳里那条「逾越节前一日不可吃」的禁,就挂不到 拉比约西 身上了,因照他看来,连逾越节前一日也是直到天黑都吃得的。
革玛拉从上头那一句推道:既然非说「论逾越节前一日,这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 断」不可,就反推出 拉比约西 在两处都相争——安息日与别节的前一日是一处,逾越节前一日又是一处。
The Gemara infers from the above statement: From the fact that it was necessary to say that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda with regard to the eve of Passover, this proves by inference that Rabbi Yosei disagrees with regard to both cases, both the eves of Shabbat and other Festivals, as well as Passover eve.
既如此,密释纳里那条「逾越节前一日不可吃」的禁,就挂不到 拉比约西 身上了,因照他看来,连逾越节前一日也是直到天黑都吃得的。
Consequently, it is impossible to ascribe to the opinion of Rabbi Yosei the mishna’s prohibition against eating on the eve of Passover, as he evidently permits one to eat until dark even on Passover eve.
革玛拉答:不然;那一句当这样懂——人说「这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 的意思断」的时候,反推出两人所争的乃是「要不要把席打断」这一层。连 拉比约西 也承认逾越节前一日从 午祷 的时候起不可起头吃;只是他执定:已经起头吃了的人,纵节期已到,也不必把席打断。
革玛拉答:不然;那一句当这样懂——人说「这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比犹大 的意思断」的时候,反推出两人所争的乃是「要不要把席打断」这一层。
The Gemara answers: No; the statement should be understood as follows: When it was said that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, this proves by inference that they disagree with regard to interruption.
连 拉比约西 也承认逾越节前一日从 午祷 的时候起不可起头吃;只是他执定:已经起头吃了的人,纵节期已到,也不必把席打断。
Even Rabbi Yosei agrees that one may not start eating on Passover eve from minḥa time onward, but he maintains that one who started to eat is not obligated to interrupt his meal even when the Festival begins.
因有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教道,拉比犹大 与 拉比约西 在「要不要把席打断」上相争:人若在安息日前一日正吃着,他们当为各个 安息日 把席打断——就是说安息日一到,他们当把席停下、把桌子撤去、念了晚祷与 《圣祷》 ,然后才接着吃;这是 拉比犹大 的话。拉比约西 说:这几位吃席的人不必把席打断。
因有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教道,拉比犹大 与 拉比约西 在「要不要把席打断」上相争:人若在安息日前一日正吃着,他们当为各个 安息日 把席打断——就是说安息日一到,他们当把席停下、把桌子撤去、念了晚祷与 《圣祷》 ,然后才接着吃;这是 拉比犹大 的话。
As it was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehuda and Rabbi Yosei disagree about interrupting a meal: If people were eating on the eve of Shabbat, they must interrupt for Shabbatot, meaning that once Shabbat begins, they must interrupt their meal, clear away the table, and recite the evening prayers and kiddush before continuing their meal; this is the statement of Rabbi Yehuda.
拉比约西 说:这几位吃席的人不必把席打断。
Rabbi Yosei says: These diners need not interrupt their meal.
那条 《巴拉伊塔》 接着记一件事:曾有 拉班西缅·本·迦玛列、拉比犹大 与 拉比约西 三位,礼拜五午后在亚柯一同侧身吃席,安息日的日头分别为圣了,就是说安息日已经进来。拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 对 拉比约西 说: 贝拉比 啊,你可愿意我们把席打断,顾一顾我们同学犹大所说的话么?他是执定人当把席打断的。
那条 《巴拉伊塔》 接着记一件事:曾有 拉班西缅·本·迦玛列、拉比犹大 与 拉比约西 三位,礼拜五午后在亚柯一同侧身吃席,安息日的日头分别为圣了,就是说安息日已经进来。
The baraita continues by relating a story: And there was an incident involving Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel, and Rabbi Yehuda, and Rabbi Yosei, who were reclining and eating together in Akko on Friday afternoon, and the day of Shabbat was sanctified, i.e., Shabbat began.
拉班西缅·本·迦玛列 对 拉比约西 说: 贝拉比 啊,你可愿意我们把席打断,顾一顾我们同学犹大所说的话么?他是执定人当把席打断的。
Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel said to Rabbi Yosei: Berabbi, a title for an important man of distinguished lineage, is it your will that we should interrupt and be concerned for the statements of our colleague Yehuda, who maintains that one is obligated to interrupt his meal?
他对他说:日日你都把我的话看得比 拉比犹大 的重,都照我的意思断;今日你倒把 拉比犹大 的话看得比我的重么?拉比约西 随即把一节经文按在这一件上:「他竟敢在宫内、在我面前凌辱王后么?」(以斯帖记 7:8)
他对他说:日日你都把我的话看得比 拉比犹大 的重,都照我的意思断;今日你倒把 拉比犹大 的话看得比我的重么?
He said to him: Each and every day you cherish my statements before those of Rabbi Yehuda, and rule in accordance with my opinion, and now you cherish the statement of Rabbi Yehuda before me?
拉比约西 随即把一节经文按在这一件上:「他竟敢在宫内、在我面前凌辱王后么?」(以斯帖记 7:8)
Rabbi Yosei continued by applying a verse to this situation: “Will he even force the queen before me in the house?” (Esther 7:8).
拉班西缅对他说:既如此——顾一顾 拉比犹大 的意思竟要被人当作一条断例——我们就不打断了;恐怕门生们看见我们把席停了,便照 拉比犹大 的意思把这条 哈拉哈 定给后世。后来众贤说:他们没有从那里起身,就把这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比约西 的意思定了——安息日与节期前一日,人不必把席打断。
拉班西缅对他说:既如此——顾一顾 拉比犹大 的意思竟要被人当作一条断例——我们就不打断了;恐怕门生们看见我们把席停了,便照 拉比犹大 的意思把这条 哈拉哈 定给后世。
Rabban Shimon said to him: If so, if displaying concern for Rabbi Yehuda’s opinion will be viewed as a halakhic ruling, we will not interrupt, as perhaps the students will see that we have broken off our meal and will establish the halakha for generations in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda.
后来众贤说:他们没有从那里起身,就把这条 哈拉哈 照 拉比约西 的意思定了——安息日与节期前一日,人不必把席打断。
The Sages later said: They did not move from there until they established the halakha in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, that one need not interrupt one’s meal on the eve of Shabbat and Festivals.
拉夫犹大 传 撒母耳 的话说:这条 哈拉哈 不照 拉比犹大 的意思断——他说人当把桌子整个撤去、把席打断;也不照 拉比约西 的意思断——他说人全不必把席打断。乃是当在桌上铺一块布,念了 《圣祷》 ,然后接着吃席。革玛拉问:果真如此么?拉夫塔哈利法·巴尔·阿夫迪米 不是传 撒母耳 的话说:正如人为 《圣祷》 把席打断,
拉夫犹大 传 撒母耳 的话说:这条 哈拉哈 不照 拉比犹大 的意思断——他说人当把桌子整个撤去、把席打断;也不照 拉比约西 的意思断——他说人全不必把席打断。
Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: The halakha is not in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda, who said that one must interrupt one’s meal by removing the table entirely, nor is it in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yosei, who ruled that one need not interrupt one’s meal at all.
乃是当在桌上铺一块布,念了 《圣祷》 ,然后接着吃席。
Rather, one must spread a cloth over one’s table and recite kiddush, after which he may continue his meal.
革玛拉问:果真如此么?
The Gemara asks: Is that so?
拉夫塔哈利法·巴尔·阿夫迪米 不是传 撒母耳 的话说:正如人为 《圣祷》 把席打断,
But didn’t Rav Taḥalifa bar Avdimi say that Shmuel said: Just as one interrupts for kiddush,