他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里、就是巷道里,和那里、就是各院里,都许搬物。
-
他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里、就是巷道里,和那里、就是各院里,都许搬物。
And if they merged the courtyards of the alleyway, they are permitted to carry both here, in the alleyway, and there, in the courtyards.
← 移入纹卷总目·第六章 同院而居的
这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 9 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里、就是巷道里,和那里、就是各院里,都许搬物。
他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里、就是巷道里,和那里、就是各院里,都许搬物。
And if they merged the courtyards of the alleyway, they are permitted to carry both here, in the alleyway, and there, in the courtyards.
他们若在各院里立了 合界、又把通到巷道的各院合起来,而院中有一个住户忘了、没有在自己院里出那一份 合界、却在巷道的合院上有分,那么这里那里都许搬物,因巷道的合院于各院也当得一份有效的 合界。
他们若在各院里立了 合界、又把通到巷道的各院合起来,而院中有一个住户忘了、没有在自己院里出那一份 合界、却在巷道的合院上有分,那么这里那里都许搬物,因巷道的合院于各院也当得一份有效的 合界。
If they established an eiruv in the courtyards and also merged the courtyards of the alleyway, and one of the residents of the courtyard forgot and did not contribute to the eiruv in his courtyard, but did participate in the merging of the courtyards in the alleyway, they are permitted both here and there, as the merging of courtyards in the alleyway serves as an effective eiruv for the courtyards as well.
只是巷道的住户中若有一个忘了、没有在通到巷道的各院之合上有分,他们在各院里许搬物,在巷道里不许搬物;因所凭的道理是:巷道对它的各院,正如院对它的各房。
只是巷道的住户中若有一个忘了、没有在通到巷道的各院之合上有分,他们在各院里许搬物,在巷道里不许搬物;因所凭的道理是:巷道对它的各院,正如院对它的各房。
However, if one of the residents of the alleyway forgot and did not participate in the merging of courtyards that open into the alleyway, they are permitted to carry in the courtyards and prohibited from carrying in the alleyway, as the principle is: An alleyway is to its courtyards as a courtyard is to its houses.
革玛拉 问:这条密释纳是依谁的意思说的呢?答说:是依 拉比梅伊尔 的意思——他说:我们既要 合界,也要巷道的合院,缺一样另一样就不够。
革玛拉 问:这条密释纳是依谁的意思说的呢?
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion is this mishna?
答说:是依 拉比梅伊尔 的意思——他说:我们既要 合界,也要巷道的合院,缺一样另一样就不够。
The Gemara answers: It is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir, who said: We require an eiruv and we also require a merging of the courtyards in an alleyway, and one is not sufficient without the other.
革玛拉 问:若是这样,你且说密释纳中间那一句:他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里那里都许搬物。这就落到众贤者的意思上了——他们说一样就够,不必既要 合界 又要合巷道。
革玛拉 问:若是这样,你且说密释纳中间那一句:他们若把通到巷道的各院合起来,这里那里都许搬物。
The Gemara asks: If so, say the middle clause of the mishna: And if they merged the courtyards in the alleyway, they are permitted to carry both here and there.
这就落到众贤者的意思上了——他们说一样就够,不必既要 合界 又要合巷道。
We have arrived at the opinion of the Rabbis, who say that one is enough, and one does not need both an eiruv and a merging of alleyways.
答说:这不难,密释纳原是这样说的:他们若又把通到巷道的各院合起来,就在各院里和巷道里都许搬物。
答说:这不难,密释纳原是这样说的:他们若又把通到巷道的各院合起来,就在各院里和巷道里都许搬物。
The Gemara responds: That is not difficult, as the mishna stated as follows: And if they also merged the courtyards in the alleyway, they are permitted to carry in the courtyards and in the alleyway.
革玛拉 问:你且说密释纳后头那一句:他们若在各院里立了 合界、又把通到巷道的各院合起来,而院中有一个住户忘了、没有在自己院里出那一份 合界、却在巷道之合上有分,那么这里那里都许搬物。这是什么情形呢?那忘了的人若没有把自己院里的权柄让与别人,他们凭什么许搬物呢?可见他必是让了权的。若是这样,你且说密释纳末一句:巷道的住户中若有一个忘了、没有在巷道之合上有分,他们在各院里许搬物,在巷道里不许搬物。他既让了权,他们在巷道里为何不许搬物呢?
革玛拉 问:你且说密释纳后头那一句:他们若在各院里立了 合界、又把通到巷道的各院合起来,而院中有一个住户忘了、没有在自己院里出那一份 合界、却在巷道之合上有分,那么这里那里都许搬物。
The Gemara asks: Say the latter clause of the mishna: If they established an eiruv in the courtyards and also merged the courtyards in the alleyway, and one of the residents of the courtyard forgot and did not contribute to the eiruv in his courtyard but did participate in the merging of the alleyway, they are permitted to carry both here and there.
这是什么情形呢?
What are the circumstances?
那忘了的人若没有把自己院里的权柄让与别人,他们凭什么许搬物呢?
If the person who forgot did not renounce his rights to the courtyard in favor of the others, why are they permitted to carry?
可见他必是让了权的。
Rather, it is obvious that he did renounce those rights.
若是这样,你且说密释纳末一句:巷道的住户中若有一个忘了、没有在巷道之合上有分,他们在各院里许搬物,在巷道里不许搬物。
But if so, say the last clause of the mishna: If one of the members of the alleyway forgot and did not participate in the merging of the alleyway, they are permitted to carry in the courtyards and prohibited from carrying in the alleyway.
他既让了权,他们在巷道里为何不许搬物呢?
But if he renounced his rights, why are they prohibited from carrying in the alleyway?
你若说 拉比梅伊尔 执定让权在巷道里行不通,这样答还不够。论巷道,岂不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:因他把自己的权柄让与你了——这是 拉比梅伊尔 的话?这就见得 拉比梅伊尔 于巷道里也取让权这一层道理。
你若说 拉比梅伊尔 执定让权在巷道里行不通,这样答还不够。
And if you say that Rabbi Meir holds that renunciation of rights is not effective in an alleyway, that answer is insufficient.
论巷道,岂不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:因他把自己的权柄让与你了——这是 拉比梅伊尔 的话?
Wasn’t it taught in a baraita with regard to an alleyway: As he renounced his rights in your favor; this is the statement of Rabbi Meir?
这就见得 拉比梅伊尔 于巷道里也取让权这一层道理。
This indicates that Rabbi Meir accepts the principle of renunciation of rights in an alleyway.
可见那忘了在巷道之合上有分的人,必是没有让权。密释纳末一句既讲的是他没有让权的情形,就可以推知头一句所讲的也是他没有让权的情形。这样,他们若行了巷道之合,那合也就当得一份 合界,纵他们中间有一个忘了出那一份 合界、又没有让出院里的权柄也是如此。这却是依众贤者的意思了——如此便落到一个费解的地步:密释纳头一句和末一句依 拉比梅伊尔,中间那一句反依众贤者。
可见那忘了在巷道之合上有分的人,必是没有让权。
Rather, it is obvious that the person who forgot to participate in the merging of alleyways did not renounce his rights.
密释纳末一句既讲的是他没有让权的情形,就可以推知头一句所讲的也是他没有让权的情形。
And from the fact that the last clause of the mishna is referring to a case where he did not renounce his rights, it can be inferred that the first clause is also referring to a case where he did not renounce his rights.
这样,他们若行了巷道之合,那合也就当得一份 合界,纵他们中间有一个忘了出那一份 合界、又没有让出院里的权柄也是如此。
This would indicate that if they carried out a merging of alleyways, it also serves as an eiruv, even when one of them forgot to contribute to the eiruv and also failed to renounce his rights in the courtyard.
这却是依众贤者的意思了——如此便落到一个费解的地步:密释纳头一句和末一句依 拉比梅伊尔,中间那一句反依众贤者。
This is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis, which leads to the puzzling conclusion that the first and last clauses of the mishna are in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir, while the middle clause is in accordance with the opinion of the Rabbis.
答说:其实通篇都依 拉比梅伊尔 的意思。拉比梅伊尔 说既要 合界 又要合巷道,是什么缘故呢?原只是免得 合界 这一条 哈拉哈 被孩童忘了。人若单行合院,为院立 合界 这一条律例就要渐渐被忘。至于这里,只一个人忘了出那一份,他们大半既为各院立了 合界,这一条律例就忘不了。所以事后还有从宽的余地,两处都许搬物。
答说:其实通篇都依 拉比梅伊尔 的意思。
The Gemara answers: In fact, it is all in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir.
拉比梅伊尔 说既要 合界 又要合巷道,是什么缘故呢?
And what is the reason that Rabbi Meir said we require an eiruv and we also require a merging of alleyways?
原只是免得 合界 这一条 哈拉哈 被孩童忘了。
It was only so as not to cause the halakhic category of eiruv to be forgotten by the children.
人若单行合院,为院立 合界 这一条律例就要渐渐被忘。
If people would only merge courtyards, the halakha of establishing an eiruv for a courtyard would gradually be forgotten.
至于这里,只一个人忘了出那一份,他们大半既为各院立了 合界,这一条律例就忘不了。
And here, where only one person forgot to contribute to the eiruv, since most of them established an eiruv for the courtyards, the halakha of an eiruv will not be forgotten.
所以事后还有从宽的余地,两处都许搬物。
Therefore, there is room to be lenient after the fact and to permit carrying in both places.
拉夫犹大 说:拉夫 教这条密释纳,不作五个院彼此相通讲,乃作每一院各自通到巷道、又各自立了 合界 讲。拉夫卡哈纳 也照样说:拉夫 教这条密释纳,不作各院彼此相通讲。有人说:是 拉夫卡哈纳 自己教这条密释纳的时候不作各院彼此相通讲。
拉夫犹大 说:拉夫 教这条密释纳,不作五个院彼此相通讲,乃作每一院各自通到巷道、又各自立了 合界 讲。
Rav Yehuda said: Rav did not teach the mishna as stating that the five courtyards open into one another, but rather that each courtyard opens into the alleyway, and each established its own eiruv.
拉夫卡哈纳 也照样说:拉夫 教这条密释纳,不作各院彼此相通讲。
And so too, Rav Kahana said: Rav did not teach the mishna as stating that the courtyards open into one another.
有人说:是 拉夫卡哈纳 自己教这条密释纳的时候不作各院彼此相通讲。
Some say that Rav Kahana himself did not teach the mishna as stating that the courtyards open into one another.
阿巴耶 对 拉夫约瑟 说:他不作五个院彼此相通讲,是什么缘故呢?拉夫约瑟 答说:因他执定:凡合巷道之食不是从通到巷道的各门口搬出搬进的——就是不从各院搬到巷道、再从巷道搬进要存放它的那一院的——都算不得有效的巷道之合。合巷道所用的食物若从一院直接挪到另一院,看去就像是用它立 合界 一般。所以作巷道之合便不成。这里也是一样:各院若彼此相通,巷道之合就不成,因怕院里的住户把那食物从一院直接挪到另一院。
阿巴耶 对 拉夫约瑟 说:他不作五个院彼此相通讲,是什么缘故呢?
Abaye said to Rav Yosef: What is the reason he did not teach the mishna as stating that the five courtyards open into one another?
拉夫约瑟 答说:因他执定:凡合巷道之食不是从通到巷道的各门口搬出搬进的——就是不从各院搬到巷道、再从巷道搬进要存放它的那一院的——都算不得有效的巷道之合。
Rav Yosef replied: Because he holds that any merging of alleyways that is not brought in and taken out by way of the entrances that open into the alleyway, i.e., which is not brought from each courtyard into the alleyway and then taken from the alleyway into the courtyard where it will be deposited, is not considered a valid merging of the alleyway.
合巷道所用的食物若从一院直接挪到另一院,看去就像是用它立 合界 一般。
If the food used for the merging of alleyways is transferred directly from one courtyard to another, it seems as though it is being used to establish an eiruv.
所以作巷道之合便不成。
It is therefore ineffective as a merging of alleyways.
这里也是一样:各院若彼此相通,巷道之合就不成,因怕院里的住户把那食物从一院直接挪到另一院。
Here too, if the courtyards open into one another, the merging of alleyways is invalid, due to a concern that the residents of the courtyard will transfer the food directly from one courtyard to another.
他据下面这条密释纳驳他:一个家主与邻舍合伙,与这一个合伙有酒、与那一个合伙也有酒,他们不必立 合界。这就见得合巷道所用的食物其实不必从一处挪到另一处。比方说,一院之内有一瓮两家共有的酒就够了,纵那酒并没有过巷道也是一样。革玛拉 把这一证推开,把密释纳解作这样:那里所讲的,是他们把那酒搬出到巷道、随后又搬进要存放它的那一院的情形。
他据下面这条密释纳驳他:一个家主与邻舍合伙,与这一个合伙有酒、与那一个合伙也有酒,他们不必立 合界。
He raised an objection to him based upon the following mishna: A homeowner who was a partner of his neighbors, with this one in wine and with that one in wine, they do not need to establish an eiruv.
这就见得合巷道所用的食物其实不必从一处挪到另一处。
This indicates that it is not actually necessary to transfer the food used for the merging of alleyways from one place to another.
比方说,一院之内有一瓮两家共有的酒就够了,纵那酒并没有过巷道也是一样。
For example, it is sufficient to have a jointly owned barrel of wine in one courtyard even if it did not pass through the alleyway.
革玛拉 把这一证推开,把密释纳解作这样:那里所讲的,是他们把那酒搬出到巷道、随后又搬进要存放它的那一院的情形。
The Gemara rejects this proof and explains the mishna as follows: There, it is referring to a case where they took the wine out into the alleyway and subsequently brought it in to the courtyard where it was to be kept.
他又据另一条密释纳驳他:人怎样把通到巷道的各院合起来呢?密释纳接着说:一个人替巷道里其余的住户把合院所用的食物取得过来就够了。这就见得那食物不必过巷道里的各院。革玛拉 把这一证也推开:那里也是讲他们先把那食物从各院搬出到巷道、再从巷道搬进要存放它的那一院的情形。
他又据另一条密释纳驳他:人怎样把通到巷道的各院合起来呢?
He raised another objection to him from a different mishna: How does one merge courtyards that open into alleyways?
密释纳接着说:一个人替巷道里其余的住户把合院所用的食物取得过来就够了。
The mishna continues and says that it is sufficient for one person to acquire the food used for the merging on behalf of all the other residents of the alleyway.
这就见得那食物不必过巷道里的各院。
This indicates that the food does not need to pass through all the courtyards in the alleyway.
革玛拉 把这一证也推开:那里也是讲他们先把那食物从各院搬出到巷道、再从巷道搬进要存放它的那一院的情形。
The Gemara rejects this proof as well: There too, it is referring to a case where they first took the food out from each of the courtyards into the alleyway and from there brought it into the courtyard where it was to be deposited.
拉巴·巴尔·哈难 力驳这话:只是照那样说,人若把自己筐里的饼让与别人,也就算不得有效的巷道之合了。你若说实在如此,那么 拉夫犹大 岂不是说 拉夫 说:一班人在安息日前夕同席吃饭,那日子在他们身上成了圣、就是安息日在他们正吃的时候进来了,他们可以倚着席上的饼当作院的 合界;也有人说,是当作巷道之合?
拉巴·巴尔·哈难 力驳这话:只是照那样说,人若把自己筐里的饼让与别人,也就算不得有效的巷道之合了。
Rabba bar Ḥanan strongly objects to this: However, if that is so, if he transferred ownership of bread in his basket to another person, so too, it would not be considered a valid merging.
你若说实在如此,那么 拉夫犹大 岂不是说 拉夫 说:一班人在安息日前夕同席吃饭,那日子在他们身上成了圣、就是安息日在他们正吃的时候进来了,他们可以倚着席上的饼当作院的 合界;也有人说,是当作巷道之合?
And if you say that this is indeed so, didn’t Rav Yehuda say that Rav said: With regard to members of a group who were dining together on Shabbat eve, and the day became sanctified for them, i.e., Shabbat began while they were eating, they may rely upon the bread on the table as an eiruv for the courtyard, and some say, as a merging of the alleyway.
拉巴 说:那两样传法在「这饼算作 合界 还是算作巷道之合」上并不相争。这里说可以用作 合界 的,讲的是他们在屋里吃饭的情形,因存在屋内的食物当得院的 合界。那里讲的是他们在院里吃饭的情形,所以他们可以倚着那饼作巷道之合。这就证出连 拉夫 也承认:合巷道所用的食物不必先搬进巷道、再搬回院里。
拉巴 说:那两样传法在「这饼算作 合界 还是算作巷道之合」上并不相争。
And Rabba said: The two versions do not disagree with each other regarding whether the bread counts as an eiruv or as a merging of the alleyway.
这里说可以用作 合界 的,讲的是他们在屋里吃饭的情形,因存在屋内的食物当得院的 合界。
Here, where they can use it as an eiruv, it is referring to a case where they were dining in a house, since food deposited inside a house can serve as an eiruv for the courtyard.
那里讲的是他们在院里吃饭的情形,所以他们可以倚着那饼作巷道之合。
There, it is referring to a case where they were dining in a courtyard, and therefore they may rely on the bread as a merging of the alleyway.
这就证出连 拉夫 也承认:合巷道所用的食物不必先搬进巷道、再搬回院里。
This proves that even Rav agrees that it is not necessary to take the food used to merge an alleyway into the alleyway itself and then bring it back to the courtyard.
这样看来,前头的讲法须撤回,当说:拉夫 不作各院彼此相通讲,缘故是他执定——巷道非有房子和院子通到它,就不能凭一根旁柱和一道横梁许人搬物。各院若彼此相通,就算作一个院;那样情形里,凭旁柱或横梁便许不成,巷道之合也就不成。
这样看来,前头的讲法须撤回,当说:拉夫 不作各院彼此相通讲,缘故是他执定——巷道非有房子和院子通到它,就不能凭一根旁柱和一道横梁许人搬物。
Rather, we must retract the previous explanation and say that the reason Rav did not teach the mishna as stating that the courtyards opened into one another is that he holds that an alleyway cannot be rendered permitted for carrying through a side post and a cross beam unless there are houses and courtyards opening into it.
各院若彼此相通,就算作一个院;那样情形里,凭旁柱或横梁便许不成,巷道之合也就不成。
If, however, the courtyards open into one another, they are considered like a single courtyard, in which case they cannot be rendered permitted for carrying through a side post or a cross beam, and the merging of the alleyway is ineffective.
革玛拉 如今就上头所引的这话本身细究。拉夫 说:巷道不能凭一根旁柱和一道横梁就许人搬物,
革玛拉 如今就上头所引的这话本身细究。
The Gemara now examines the matter itself cited in the previous discussion.
拉夫 说:巷道不能凭一根旁柱和一道横梁就许人搬物,
Rav said: An alleyway cannot become permitted for carrying through a side post and a cross beam,