63a.1
引证
拉夫哈姆努纳 在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间于 哈尔塔·德阿尔吉兹 城断案,虽然 拉夫希斯达 是他的师尊。
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拉夫哈姆努纳 在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间于 哈尔塔·德阿尔吉兹 城断案,虽然 拉夫希斯达 是他的师尊。
Rav Hamnuna issued halakhic rulings in the town of Ḥarta De’argez during the years of Rav Ḥisda’s life, even though Rav Ḥisda was his teacher.
63a.2
引证
革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次在巴比伦验一把屠刀、看它宜不宜宰牲,那时他的师尊 拉夫阿施 还在世,也住在巴比伦。拉夫阿施 对他说:师尊这样办是什么缘故呢?师尊在世时,门生断案岂不是不许的么?
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革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次在巴比伦验一把屠刀、看它宜不宜宰牲,那时他的师尊 拉夫阿施 还在世,也住在巴比伦。
The Gemara relates that Ravina once examined a slaughterer’s knife in Babylonia to check if it was fit for slaughtering, during the lifetime of his teacher, Rav Ashi, who also lived in Babylonia.
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拉夫阿施 对他说:师尊这样办是什么缘故呢?
Rav Ashi said to him: What is the reason that the Master acted in this manner?
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师尊在世时,门生断案岂不是不许的么?
Isn’t it prohibited for a disciple to issue rulings while his teacher is still alive?
63a.3
解答
拉维纳 对他说:拉夫哈姆努纳 岂不是在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间于 哈尔塔·德阿尔吉兹 断过案么?他们本不同城,虽然两处都在巴比伦。我既不与你同城,照理我断案也该是许的。拉夫阿施 对 拉维纳 说:其实所传的是:拉夫哈姆努纳 在 拉夫希斯达 在世时并没有断案;那才是不错的传述。
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拉维纳 对他说:拉夫哈姆努纳 岂不是在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间于 哈尔塔·德阿尔吉兹 断过案么?他们本不同城,虽然两处都在巴比伦。
Ravina said to him: Didn’t Rav Hamnuna issue halakhic rulings in Ḥarta De’argez during the years of Rav Ḥisda’s life, as they were not in the same town, even though they were both located in Babylonia?
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我既不与你同城,照理我断案也该是许的。
Since I do not live in the same town as you, it stands to reason that I would be permitted to issue rulings as well.
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拉夫阿施 对 拉维纳 说:其实所传的是:拉夫哈姆努纳 在 拉夫希斯达 在世时并没有断案;那才是不错的传述。
Rav Ashi said to Ravina: It was actually stated that Rav Hamnuna did not issue halakhic rulings during Rav Ḥisda’s lifetime, and that is the correct tradition.
63a.4
解答
拉维纳 对 拉夫阿施 说:实在说,有传他断过的,也有传他没有断过的,两样传述都不错。在他正经的师尊 拉夫胡纳 在世的年间,拉夫哈姆努纳 一概不断;在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间他却断,因为他于 拉夫希斯达 是门生兼同侪。我于师尊也是门生兼同侪,所以我不与你同城的时候,验一把屠刀也该是许的。
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拉维纳 对 拉夫阿施 说:实在说,有传他断过的,也有传他没有断过的,两样传述都不错。
Ravina said to Rav Ashi: In fact, it was stated that Rav Hamnuna issued rulings, and it was also stated that he did not issue rulings, and both traditions are correct.
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在他正经的师尊 拉夫胡纳 在世的年间,拉夫哈姆努纳 一概不断;在 拉夫希斯达 在世的年间他却断,因为他于 拉夫希斯达 是门生兼同侪。
During the years of the life of Rav Huna, Rav Hamnuna’s principal teacher, Rav Hamnuna did not issue rulings at all, but he did issue rulings during the years of Rav Ḥisda’s life, for Rav Hamnuna was Rav Ḥisda’s disciple-colleague.
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我于师尊也是门生兼同侪,所以我不与你同城的时候,验一把屠刀也该是许的。
And since I, too, am the Master’s disciple and colleague, I should also be permitted to examine a slaughterer’s knife when I am not in the same town.
63a.5
引证
拉瓦 说:学者可以自验其刀、用它宰牲,不必拿去给本地的贤者看。革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次到了 拉瓦 的本城 梅霍扎。接待他的主人取出一把宰牲的刀来给他看。他对那主人说:去,把它拿给本城的贤者 拉瓦 验。
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拉瓦 说:学者可以自验其刀、用它宰牲,不必拿去给本地的贤者看。
Rava said: A Torah scholar may examine a knife for himself and use it for slaughtering, without having to show it to the local Sage.
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革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次到了 拉瓦 的本城 梅霍扎。
The Gemara relates that Ravina happened to come to Meḥoza, the home town of Rava.
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接待他的主人取出一把宰牲的刀来给他看。
His host brought out a knife for slaughtering and showed it to him.
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他对那主人说:去,把它拿给本城的贤者 拉瓦 验。
He said to him: Go, bring it to Rava, the town Sage, for examination.
63a.6
提问
那主人对他说:师尊岂不执定 拉瓦 所说的「学者可以自验其刀」么?这一回我是替你宰的。拉维纳 对他说:我不过是向你买肉,算不得我自己宰。拉瓦 那条道理,用不到这一样上。
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那主人对他说:师尊岂不执定 拉瓦 所说的「学者可以自验其刀」么?
The host said to him: Doesn’t the Master hold in accordance with that which Rava said: A Torah scholar may examine a slaughtering knife for himself?
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这一回我是替你宰的。
In this case I am using the knife to slaughter on your behalf.
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拉维纳 对他说:我不过是向你买肉,算不得我自己宰。
Ravina said to him: Since I am only buying the meat from you, it is not considered as though I am slaughtering for myself.
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拉瓦 那条道理,用不到这一样上。
Rava’s principle does not apply to such a case.
63a.7
引证
革玛拉 先给下面这一议里几位贤者的名字一句记诵之诀:齐拉·勒哈尼亚——哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒;玛赫利夫——拉夫阿巴·巴尔·塔哈利法;伊卡——拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈;雅各——拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各。
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革玛拉 先给下面这一议里几位贤者的名字一句记诵之诀:齐拉·勒哈尼亚——哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒;玛赫利夫——拉夫阿巴·巴尔·塔哈利法;伊卡——拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈;雅各——拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各。
The Gemara cites a mnemonic for the names of the Sages mentioned in the following discussion: Zila Lehanya: Rabbi Elazar from Hagronya; Maḥlif: Rav Abba bar Taḥalifa; Ika: Rav Aḥa bar Ika; and Ya’akov: Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov.
63a.8
引证
革玛拉 接着记:哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 与 拉夫阿巴·巴尔·塔哈利法 有一次到了 拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈 家,那地方正在 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的辖境之内。拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈 要给他们预备一只三胎的牛犊,那样的肉算作上味。他取出一把宰牲的刀来给他们看。
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革玛拉 接着记:哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 与 拉夫阿巴·巴尔·塔哈利法 有一次到了 拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈 家,那地方正在 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的辖境之内。
The Gemara now relates that Rabbi Elazar from Hagronya and Rav Abba bar Taḥalifa happened to come to the house of Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Ika, in the place of jurisdiction of Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov.
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拉夫伊卡之子拉夫阿哈 要给他们预备一只三胎的牛犊,那样的肉算作上味。
Rav Aḥa, son of Rav Ika, wanted to prepare for them a third-born calf, whose meat was considered a delicacy.
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他取出一把宰牲的刀来给他们看。
He brought out a slaughtering knife and showed it to them.
63a.9
引证
拉夫阿哈·巴尔·塔哈利法 对他们说:我们岂不该顾念长者 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的体面、把刀呈他验么?这城是他的。哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 对他们说:那不必,因为 拉瓦 说过:学者可以自验其刀。哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 就自验了那刀;后来他因不顾念那位长者的体面,受了天罚。
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拉夫阿哈·巴尔·塔哈利法 对他们说:我们岂不该顾念长者 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的体面、把刀呈他验么?这城是他的。
Rav Aḥa bar Taḥalifa said to them: Should we not be concerned with the respect of the Elder, Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov, and present the knife to him for inspection, as this is his town?
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哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 对他们说:那不必,因为 拉瓦 说过:学者可以自验其刀。
Rabbi Elazar from Hagronya said to them: That is unnecessary, since Rava said as follows: A Torah scholar may examine a knife for himself.
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哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 就自验了那刀;后来他因不顾念那位长者的体面,受了天罚。
Rabbi Elazar from Hagronya then inspected the knife, but he was later punished at the hand of Heaven for disregarding the honor of the senior rabbi.
63a.10
提问
革玛拉 诧异说:哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 错在哪里呢?拉瓦 岂不是说过:学者可以自验其刀么?革玛拉 答:那里另是一样,因为他们已经议起 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的体面这一层了。拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的名字若始终没有提起,他们自验那刀本是许的。名字既已提起,他们就该把刀送到他那里去。没有这样办,就算作轻慢了。
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革玛拉 诧异说:哈格罗尼亚的拉比以利亚撒 错在哪里呢?
The Gemara expresses surprise: What was Rabbi Elazar from Hagronya’s mistake?
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拉瓦 岂不是说过:学者可以自验其刀么?
Didn’t Rava say: A Torah scholar may examine a slaughtering knife for himself?
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革玛拉 答:那里另是一样,因为他们已经议起 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的体面这一层了。
The Gemara answers: It was different there, as they had already begun to discuss the issue of the honor of Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov.
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拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 的名字若始终没有提起,他们自验那刀本是许的。
Had the name of Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov never arisen, they would have been permitted to examine the knife themselves.
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名字既已提起,他们就该把刀送到他那里去。
Once his name had been mentioned, however, they should have approached him with the knife.
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没有这样办,就算作轻慢了。
Their failure to do so is considered a display of disrespect.
63a.11
解答
你若愿意,也可以说:拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 另是一样,他年高德劭、学问又大,所当得的体面比寻常贤者更重。
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你若愿意,也可以说:拉夫阿哈·巴尔·雅各 另是一样,他年高德劭、学问又大,所当得的体面比寻常贤者更重。
And if you wish, say instead: Rav Aḥa bar Ya’akov is different, as he was illustrious in age and wisdom, and thus deserved more honor than a regular Sage.
63a.12
引证
拉瓦 说:门生在师尊之处断案,素来虽是不许的;他若是为拦阻别人正犯的禁而断,纵在师尊面前也无妨、就是许的。革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次坐在 拉夫阿施 面前,见有人安息日把驴拴在棕榈树上,干犯了众贤者「安息日不可用树」那条禁例。他就扬声责备那人,那人却不理他。拉维纳 便对 拉夫阿施 说:愿这人受逐出教门之罚——他既干犯了众贤者的话,又不理学者的责备。
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拉瓦 说:门生在师尊之处断案,素来虽是不许的;他若是为拦阻别人正犯的禁而断,纵在师尊面前也无妨、就是许的。
Rava said: Even though it is ordinarily prohibited for a disciple to issue a halakhic ruling in his teacher’s place, if he does so in order to separate another person from a prohibition he is committing, even in his teacher’s presence it seems well, i.e., it is permitted.
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革玛拉 记着:拉维纳 有一次坐在 拉夫阿施 面前,见有人安息日把驴拴在棕榈树上,干犯了众贤者「安息日不可用树」那条禁例。
The Gemara relates that Ravina was once sitting before Rav Ashi when he saw a certain man tying his donkey to a palm tree on Shabbat, in violation of the decree of the Sages against utilizing trees on Shabbat.
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他就扬声责备那人,那人却不理他。
He raised his voice to him in protest, but the man paid him no attention.
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拉维纳 便对 拉夫阿施 说:愿这人受逐出教门之罚——他既干犯了众贤者的话,又不理学者的责备。
Ravina then said to Rav Ashi: Let this man be in excommunication for transgressing the words of the Sages and ignoring a scholar’s rebuke.
63a.13
提问
事后 拉维纳 对 拉夫阿施 说:像这样、就是我方才在你面前所行的,看着像不像放肆呢?拉夫阿施 对他说:论这一层,经上说:「没有人能以智慧、聪明、谋略敌挡耶和华」(箴言二十一章三十节)。众贤者解这一节说:凡关乎亵渎神名之处,连师尊也不必顾他的体面——就是说那样的时候,人当把师尊的智慧聪明放在一边,出声阻止那不当的举动。
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事后 拉维纳 对 拉夫阿施 说:像这样、就是我方才在你面前所行的,看着像不像放肆呢?
Afterward, Ravina said to Rav Ashi: Behavior such as this, the way I acted in your presence just now, does it appear like irreverent behavior?
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拉夫阿施 对他说:论这一层,经上说:「没有人能以智慧、聪明、谋略敌挡耶和华」(箴言二十一章三十节)。
Rav Ashi said to him: With regard to this it is stated: “There is no wisdom or understanding or council against the Lord” (Proverbs 21:30).
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众贤者解这一节说:凡关乎亵渎神名之处,连师尊也不必顾他的体面——就是说那样的时候,人当把师尊的智慧聪明放在一边,出声阻止那不当的举动。
The Sages expounded this verse as follows: Wherever a desecration of God’s name is involved, no respect is paid even to a teacher, i.e., in such a situation one should disregard the respect due to his teacher’s wisdom and understanding and object to the inappropriate behavior.
63a.14
引证
拉瓦 说:人若在师尊之处断案、又不是为拦阻别人犯禁,就当这样分别:在师尊眼前断的,门生是不许的,若这样断了,就该受天罚而死。不在师尊眼前断的,门生虽仍不许,却不至于受死。
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拉瓦 说:人若在师尊之处断案、又不是为拦阻别人犯禁,就当这样分别:在师尊眼前断的,门生是不许的,若这样断了,就该受天罚而死。
Rava said: With regard to one who issues a halakhic ruling in his teacher’s location without the intention of preventing someone from violating a prohibition, the following distinction applies: In the teacher’s actual presence, the disciple is prohibited to issue such a ruling, and if he does so, he is liable to receive the death penalty at the hand of Heaven.
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不在师尊眼前断的,门生虽仍不许,却不至于受死。
However, when he is not in his actual presence, the disciple is still prohibited to issue the ruling, but he is not liable to receive the death penalty.
63a.15
反驳
革玛拉 问:不在师尊眼前断的,当真不至于受死么?有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 岂不是教得另是一样:拉比以利以谢 说,亚伦的儿子们所以死,单因他们在师尊摩西面前断了一条 哈拉哈?他们所据以断定「当把火拿进去、不必等天上降火」的,是解了哪一句呢?妥拉里说:「祭司亚伦的子孙要把火放在坛上,把柴摆在火上」(利未记一章七节),他们就说:火虽从天而降,人拿寻常的火来,仍是一件诫命。他们所断虽有经文可据,仍因在师尊面前断案而受罚。
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革玛拉 问:不在师尊眼前断的,当真不至于受死么?
The Gemara asks: Is the disciple not liable to receive the death penalty if he issues his ruling not in the teacher’s presence?
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有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 岂不是教得另是一样:拉比以利以谢 说,亚伦的儿子们所以死,单因他们在师尊摩西面前断了一条 哈拉哈?
But wasn’t it taught otherwise in a baraita: Rabbi Eliezer says: The sons of Aaron died only because they issued a halakhic ruling before Moses, their teacher?
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他们所据以断定「当把火拿进去、不必等天上降火」的,是解了哪一句呢?
What did they expound in support of their conclusion that they must bring fire inside as opposed to waiting for fire to come down from the heavens?
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妥拉里说:「祭司亚伦的子孙要把火放在坛上,把柴摆在火上」(利未记一章七节),他们就说:火虽从天而降,人拿寻常的火来,仍是一件诫命。
It is stated in the Torah: “And the sons of Aaron the priest shall put fire on the altar, and lay the wood in order on the fire” (Leviticus 1:7), which led them to say: Although fire descends from Heaven, it is nonetheless a mitzva to bring ordinary fire.
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他们所断虽有经文可据,仍因在师尊面前断案而受罚。
Although they derived this from the verses, they were punished for ruling in the presence of their teacher.
63a.16
引证
又有一件事:拉比以利以谢 有一个门生在他面前断了一条 哈拉哈。拉比以利以谢 对他妻子 伊玛·沙洛姆 说:这人若满得了今年,我倒要希奇了。果然如此,那门生没有满得了那一年。
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又有一件事:拉比以利以谢 有一个门生在他面前断了一条 哈拉哈。
It was further related that Rabbi Eliezer had a certain disciple who issued a halakhic ruling in his presence.
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拉比以利以谢 对他妻子 伊玛·沙洛姆 说:这人若满得了今年,我倒要希奇了。
Rabbi Eliezer said to his wife, Imma Shalom: I will be surprised if this one completes his year, i.e., if he lives until the end of the year.
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果然如此,那门生没有满得了那一年。
And so it was, he did not complete his year.
63a.17
引证
他妻子对他说:你是先知么?他对她说:我不是先知,也不是先知的门徒,只是我承受了这样一句传述:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都该受天罚而死。
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他妻子对他说:你是先知么?
His wife said to him: Are you a prophet?
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他对她说:我不是先知,也不是先知的门徒,只是我承受了这样一句传述:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都该受天罚而死。
He said to her: I am not a prophet, nor the son of a prophet, but I have received the following tradition: Anyone who issues a halakhic ruling in his teacher’s presence is liable to receive the death penalty.
63a.18
反驳
并且 拉巴·巴尔·巴尔·哈纳 说 拉比约哈难 说:那门生名叫 犹大·本·古尔亚,他离 拉比以利以谢 有三 帕尔萨。这样看来,人纵不在师尊眼前断案,也是该死的。
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并且 拉巴·巴尔·巴尔·哈纳 说 拉比约哈难 说:那门生名叫 犹大·本·古尔亚,他离 拉比以利以谢 有三 帕尔萨。
And Rabba bar bar Ḥana said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: That disciple was named Yehuda ben Gurya, and he was three parasangs away from Rabbi Eliezer.
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这样看来,人纵不在师尊眼前断案,也是该死的。
Apparently, one is liable for the death penalty even if he did not issue his ruling in his teacher’s presence.
63a.19
解答
革玛拉 答:其实那一件是在师尊眼前发生的,所以那门生才受罚。所说的路程,指的是那门生素常所住之处离师尊的远近。革玛拉 诧异说:拉巴·巴尔·巴尔·哈纳 岂不是说他离师尊三 帕尔萨 么?这就含着说那是他断案时离师尊的远近。革玛拉 答:照你这样推——凡故事里的细节都须指着断案那一刻说——那为什么又提他的名字与他父亲的名字呢?其实那几样细节是要叫你不至于说这不过是个比喻。他说那门生素常所住之处,也是为这个缘故。这与 犹大·本·古尔亚 是在师尊眼前断案这一层并不相碍。
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革玛拉 答:其实那一件是在师尊眼前发生的,所以那门生才受罚。
The Gemara answers: In fact, the incident took place in the actual presence of the teacher, which is why the disciple was punished.
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所说的路程,指的是那门生素常所住之处离师尊的远近。
The distance mentioned refers to the distance between the student’s usual place and the teacher.
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革玛拉 诧异说:拉巴·巴尔·巴尔·哈纳 岂不是说他离师尊三 帕尔萨 么?
The Gemara expresses surprise: But didn’t Rabba bar bar Ḥana say that he was three parasangs away from his teacher?
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这就含着说那是他断案时离师尊的远近。
That implies that this was his distance from his teacher at the time of the ruling.
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革玛拉 答:照你这样推——凡故事里的细节都须指着断案那一刻说——那为什么又提他的名字与他父亲的名字呢?
The Gemara answers: And, according to your reasoning, that the details of the story must relate to the time of the ruling, why mention his name and his father’s name?
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其实那几样细节是要叫你不至于说这不过是个比喻。
Rather, the details were given so that you should not say it was a parable.
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他说那门生素常所住之处,也是为这个缘故。
That is also the reason why he provided the details concerning the student’s usual place.
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这与 犹大·本·古尔亚 是在师尊眼前断案这一层并不相碍。
This does not contradict the fact that Yehuda ben Gurya issued his ruling in the actual presence of his teacher.
63a.20
引证
革玛拉 接着议这同一题。拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说 拉比约哈难 说:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都该被蛇咬;因为经上说:「布西人巴拉迦的儿子以利户回答说:我年轻,你们年老,因此我退让,不敢向你们陈说我的意见」(约伯记三十二章六节),又写着:「并土中腹行的毒虫」(申命记三十二章二十四节)——那说的是蛇。以利户那话是这样解的:我在师尊面前说话,须先告罪;因为这样行的人,该受蛇咬之罚。
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革玛拉 接着议这同一题。
The Gemara continues to discuss the same topic.
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拉比希亚·巴尔·阿巴 说 拉比约哈难 说:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都该被蛇咬;因为经上说:「布西人巴拉迦的儿子以利户回答说:我年轻,你们年老,因此我退让,不敢向你们陈说我的意见」(约伯记三十二章六节),又写着:「并土中腹行的毒虫」(申命记三十二章二十四节)——那说的是蛇。
Rabbi Ḥiyya bar Abba said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Whoever issues a halakhic ruling in his teacher’s presence is deserving of being bitten by a snake, as it is stated: “And Elihu, son of Barachel the Buzite answered and said, I am young, and you are very old; therefore I held back [zaḥalti] and I was afraid, and did not declare my opinion to you” (Job 32:6), and it is written: “With the venom of the crawling things of [zoḥalei] the dust” (Deuteronomy 32:24), which refers to snakes.
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以利户那话是这样解的:我在师尊面前说话,须先告罪;因为这样行的人,该受蛇咬之罚。
Elihu’s statement is understood as follows: I must apologize for speaking in my teacher’s presence, for one who does so is liable to be punished with the bite of a snake.
63a.21
引证
泽伊里 说 拉比哈尼纳 说:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都称为犯罪的人;因为经上说:「我将你的话藏在心里,免得我得罪你」(诗篇一百一十九篇十一节)。人把自己的话说出来,怎么就成了得罪呢?是在他于师尊面前断一条 哈拉哈 的时候。
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泽伊里 说 拉比哈尼纳 说:凡在师尊面前断 哈拉哈 的,都称为犯罪的人;因为经上说:「我将你的话藏在心里,免得我得罪你」(诗篇一百一十九篇十一节)。
Ze’eiri said that Rabbi Ḥanina said: Whoever issues a halakhic ruling in his teacher’s presence is called a sinner, as it is stated: “Your word have I hidden in my heart, that I might not sin against You” (Psalms 119:11).
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人把自己的话说出来,怎么就成了得罪呢?
In what case would speaking one’s word entail a sin?
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是在他于师尊面前断一条 哈拉哈 的时候。
In a case where one rules on a matter of halakha in the presence of his teacher.
63a.22
提问
拉夫哈姆努纳 就上面那一节与另一节提出一处相碍:经上既写着「我将你的话藏在心里」,含着说大卫不肯把 妥拉 的话说出来;另一节却写着「我在大会中宣传公义的佳音」(诗篇四十篇九节)。他答说:这不难。这里、就是大卫不作声那一节,说的是他的师尊 睚珥人以拉 在世的时候;那里、就是他把话传扬出来那一节,说的是 睚珥人以拉 不在了的时候。
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拉夫哈姆努纳 就上面那一节与另一节提出一处相碍:经上既写着「我将你的话藏在心里」,含着说大卫不肯把 妥拉 的话说出来;另一节却写着「我在大会中宣传公义的佳音」(诗篇四十篇九节)。
Rav Hamnuna raised a contradiction between the verse previously mentioned and another verse: It is written: “Your word have I hidden in my heart,” implying that David did not want to reveal the words of Torah, whereas in a second verse it is written: “I have preached righteousness in the great congregation” (Psalms 40:10).
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他答说:这不难。
He answered: This is not difficult.
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这里、就是大卫不作声那一节,说的是他的师尊 睚珥人以拉 在世的时候;那里、就是他把话传扬出来那一节,说的是 睚珥人以拉 不在了的时候。
Here, in the verse in which David remained silent, it is referring to the period when Ira HaYa’iri, David’s teacher, was alive; there, in the verse where he publicized his words, it is referring to the period when Ira HaYa’iri was no longer alive.
63a.23
引证
既提到 睚珥人以拉,革玛拉 就引一条相干的教训。拉比阿巴·巴尔·扎夫达 说:凡把祭司之分尽给一位祭司的,所行不当,且要招饥荒到世上来。因为经上说:「睚珥人以拉作大卫的祭司」(撒母耳记下二十章二十六节)——这就叫人要问:他单作大卫一人的祭司、不作别人的祭司么?倒不如说:这是说大卫把自己所出的祭司之分尽打发给他一人,独他一个得享大卫的分。随后又写着:「大卫年间有饥荒,一连三年」(撒母耳记下二十一章一节)。
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既提到 睚珥人以拉,革玛拉 就引一条相干的教训。
Having mentioned Ira HaYa’iri, the Gemara now cites a related teaching.
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拉比阿巴·巴尔·扎夫达 说:凡把祭司之分尽给一位祭司的,所行不当,且要招饥荒到世上来。
Rabbi Abba bar Zavda said: Whoever gives all his priestly gifts to one priest has acted improperly and brings famine into the world as punishment.
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因为经上说:「睚珥人以拉作大卫的祭司」(撒母耳记下二十章二十六节)——这就叫人要问:他单作大卫一人的祭司、不作别人的祭司么?
As it is stated: “And also Ira HaYa’iri was a priest for David” (II Samuel 20:26), which invites the question: Was he a priest for David alone, and not for anyone else?
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倒不如说:这是说大卫把自己所出的祭司之分尽打发给他一人,独他一个得享大卫的分。
Rather, it means that David would send all his priestly gifts to him alone, i.e., he was the only priest to enjoy David’s gifts.
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随后又写着:「大卫年间有饥荒,一连三年」(撒母耳记下二十一章一节)。
And it is written afterward: “And there was a famine in the days of David, three years, year after year” (II Samuel 21:1).
63a.24
引证
拉比以利以谢 说:凡在师尊面前断案的,都要从自己的高位上降下来;因为经上说:「祭司以利亚撒对打仗回来的兵丁说:耶和华所吩咐摩西律法中的条例乃是这样」(民数记三十一章二十一节)。以利亚撒虽是说「神把这条例吩咐了我父亲的兄弟、并没有吩咐我」,他仍因在师尊摩西面前这样说话而受了罚。
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拉比以利以谢 说:凡在师尊面前断案的,都要从自己的高位上降下来;因为经上说:「祭司以利亚撒对打仗回来的兵丁说:耶和华所吩咐摩西律法中的条例乃是这样」(民数记三十一章二十一节)。
Rabbi Eliezer says: Anyone who rules in his teacher’s presence is lowered from his position of greatness, as it is stated: “And Elazar the priest said to the men of war who went to battle: This is the statute of the Torah which the Lord commanded Moses” (Numbers 31:21).
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以利亚撒虽是说「神把这条例吩咐了我父亲的兄弟、并没有吩咐我」,他仍因在师尊摩西面前这样说话而受了罚。
Although Elazar said to the soldiers: God commanded this statute to my father’s brother, while to me He did not command it, even so he was punished for speaking in this manner in the presence of his teacher, Moses.
63a.25
引证
他所受的罚是什么呢?是这样:神论约书亚曾对摩西说:「他要站在祭司以利亚撒面前;以利亚撒要凭乌陵的判断,在耶和华面前为他求问。他和以色列全会众都要遵以利亚撒的命出入」(民数记二十七章二十一节)。以利亚撒本得着极大的尊位。只是圣经里并没有一处说约书亚用得着他。经上从未说约书亚借着以利亚撒求问乌陵——这就显出以利亚撒并没有得着所应许他的那样大。
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他所受的罚是什么呢?
What was his punishment?
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是这样:神论约书亚曾对摩西说:「他要站在祭司以利亚撒面前;以利亚撒要凭乌陵的判断,在耶和华面前为他求问。他和以色列全会众都要遵以利亚撒的命出入」(民数记二十七章二十一节)。
As it is written that God had told Moses with regard to Joshua: “And he shall stand before Elazar the priest, who shall inquire for him by the judgment of the Urim before the Lord: at his word shall they go out, and at his word they shall come in, both he, and all the children of Israel with him, even all the congregation” (Numbers 27:21).
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以利亚撒本得着极大的尊位。
Elazar was originally awarded a place of great honor.
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只是圣经里并没有一处说约书亚用得着他。
But we do not find in the Bible that Joshua ever had need of him.
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经上从未说约书亚借着以利亚撒求问乌陵——这就显出以利亚撒并没有得着所应许他的那样大。
It is never stated that Joshua made use of the Urim through Elazar, which shows that Elazar never achieved the greatness promised him.
63a.26
引证
就这同一件,拉比利未 说:凡在师尊面前抢着答话的,都要无子而下阴间;因为经上说:「摩西的帮手,嫩的儿子约书亚,就是摩西所拣选的一个人,说:请我主摩西禁止他们」(民数记十一章二十八节)。他既越次向师尊说话,就受了无子之罚。
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就这同一件,拉比利未 说:凡在师尊面前抢着答话的,都要无子而下阴间;因为经上说:「摩西的帮手,嫩的儿子约书亚,就是摩西所拣选的一个人,说:请我主摩西禁止他们」(民数记十一章二十八节)。
With regard to this same issue, Rabbi Levi said: Whoever answers a word in the presence of his teacher will go down to the netherworld childless, as it is stated: “And Joshua bin Nun, the minister of Moses from his youth, answered and said: My lord Moses, shut them in” (Numbers 11:28).
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他既越次向师尊说话,就受了无子之罚。
Since he spoke to his teacher out of turn, he was punished by remaining childless.