他借着 合界 在城这一边所多得的路,在那一边就折了去。
-
他借着 合界 在城这一边所多得的路,在那一边就折了去。
what he gains in distance through his eiruv on one side of the city he loses on the other side.
← 移入纹卷总目·第五章 怎样量定城界
这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 27 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
他借着 合界 在城这一边所多得的路,在那一边就折了去。
他借着 合界 在城这一边所多得的路,在那一边就折了去。
what he gains in distance through his eiruv on one side of the city he loses on the other side.
你心里或要想:密释纳说他在东边,是说他站在自家以东,又曾嘱咐儿子在家以西立 合界。照样,说他在西边,是说他立在自家以西,又曾嘱咐儿子在家以东立 合界。那样,他的家就落在他与他那份 合界 当中。
你心里或要想:密释纳说他在东边,是说他站在自家以东,又曾嘱咐儿子在家以西立 合界。
It might enter your mind to say that when the mishna states that one was standing to the east, it means that he was standing to the east of his house and that he had instructed his son to establish an eiruv to the west of his house.
照样,说他在西边,是说他立在自家以西,又曾嘱咐儿子在家以东立 合界。
Similarly, when it states that he was standing to the west, it means that he was positioned to the west of his house and that he had instructed his son to establish an eiruv to the east of his house.
那样,他的家就落在他与他那份 合界 当中。
In such a case, the person’s house is located between him and his eiruv.
既是这样,就要问:密释纳所说「他所在之处离家二千肘、离 合界 却更远」那一样,还找得着——他到得了家而到不了 合界,是可能的。只是「他离 合界 二千肘、离家却更远」那一样,你到哪里去找呢?他的家既落在他与 合界 当中。
既是这样,就要问:密释纳所说「他所在之处离家二千肘、离 合界 却更远」那一样,还找得着——他到得了家而到不了 合界,是可能的。
If so, the question arises: Granted, the mishna’s case where there is a distance of two thousand cubits from his current location to his house, and the distance to his eiruv is greater than this, you can find, as it is possible that he can reach his house without traveling two thousand cubits and he cannot reach his eiruv.
只是「他离 合界 二千肘、离家却更远」那一样,你到哪里去找呢?
But where do you find a case where there is a distance of two thousand cubits between him and his eiruv, and the distance to his house is greater than this?
他的家既落在他与 合界 当中。
The person’s house is located between him and his eiruv.
拉比以撒 说:你以为「在东边」是说他站在自家以东、「在西边」是说他站在自家以西么?不然,「在东边」是说在他儿子以东——就是替他放 合界 那个儿子;「在西边」是说在他儿子以西。
拉比以撒 说:你以为「在东边」是说他站在自家以东、「在西边」是说他站在自家以西么?
Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Do you think that to the east means that he was standing to the east of his house, and to the west means that he was standing to the west of his house?
不然,「在东边」是说在他儿子以东——就是替他放 合界 那个儿子;「在西边」是说在他儿子以西。
No, to the east means to the east of his son, who is depositing his eiruv for him, and to the west means to the west of his son.
拉瓦·巴尔·拉夫谢拉 说:你纵说「在东边」是在自家以东、「在西边」是在自家以西,密释纳也讲得通——那是就他的家与他并那份 合界 不在一条直线上、乃成斜角的情形说的。那样,他虽在自家以西、合界 在家以东,仍可以离 合界 比离家近。
拉瓦·巴尔·拉夫谢拉 说:你纵说「在东边」是在自家以东、「在西边」是在自家以西,密释纳也讲得通——那是就他的家与他并那份 合界 不在一条直线上、乃成斜角的情形说的。
Rava bar Rav Sheila said: Even if you say that to the east means to the east of his house and to the west means to the west of his house, the mishna can be understood as referring to a case where his house stood along a diagonal line in relation to the person and his eiruv.
那样,他虽在自家以西、合界 在家以东,仍可以离 合界 比离家近。
In that case, although he is to the west of his house and the eiruv is located to its east, he can still be closer to his eiruv than he is to his house.
我们在密释纳里学过:人把 合界 放在城的近郊之内,就如同什么也没有作。他若放在城界以外,那就管用。革玛拉 诧异说:你心里当真以为密释纳说的是把 合界 放在安息日之界以外么?那 合界 若在他安息日起首时身子所在之处所量的界以外,他安息日就够不着它,也就定不成他安息日的居处了。倒要把它改正过来,说:他若把 合界 放在城的近郊以外、就是环城略过七十肘那一片以外,那 合界 就在那一点定成了他安息日的居处。
我们在密释纳里学过:人把 合界 放在城的近郊之内,就如同什么也没有作。
We learned in the mishna: One who places his eiruv within the outskirts of the city has not accomplished anything.
他若放在城界以外,那就管用。
However, if he places it outside the city limits, it is effective.
革玛拉 诧异说:你心里当真以为密释纳说的是把 合界 放在安息日之界以外么?
The Gemara expresses surprise: Can it enter your mind that the mishna is dealing with a case where one placed his eiruv outside the Shabbat limit?
那 合界 若在他安息日起首时身子所在之处所量的界以外,他安息日就够不着它,也就定不成他安息日的居处了。
If the eiruv is outside the Shabbat limit as measured from his physical location at the onset of Shabbat, he cannot access it on Shabbat; it is therefore ineffective in establishing his Shabbat residence.
倒要把它改正过来,说:他若把 合界 放在城的近郊以外、就是环城略过七十肘那一片以外,那 合界 就在那一点定成了他安息日的居处。
Rather, correct it and say as follows: If one placed his eiruv outside the city’s outskirts, i.e., beyond the area of slightly more than seventy cubits surrounding the city, the eiruv is effective in establishing his Shabbat residence at that location.
我们在密释纳下一句里学过:人把 合界 放在城界以外、纵只放在城外一肘,他在城这一边所多得的,在那一边就折了去。革玛拉 诧异说:这是说他单折去在那一边所多得的那一点、并不更多么?岂不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:人把 合界 放在城的近郊之内,就如同什么也没有作;他若放在近郊以外、纵只放在外面一肘,他得着那一肘,却折了整座城,因为城的长短是算在他安息日之界的量数之内的?他的居处若本定在城里,安息日之界那二千肘是从近郊的边缘量起的;如今他既把居处定在城外,那城自身就算在这二千肘之内,他在那一边所折去的,就比在这一边所多得的多得多了。
我们在密释纳下一句里学过:人把 合界 放在城界以外、纵只放在城外一肘,他在城这一边所多得的,在那一边就折了去。
We learned in the next clause of the mishna concerning one who places his eiruv even one cubit beyond the city’s boundary: That which he gains on one side of the city he loses on the other.
革玛拉 诧异说:这是说他单折去在那一边所多得的那一点、并不更多么?
The Gemara expresses surprise: Does that mean that only that which he gains on one side he loses on the other, and no more?
岂不是有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:人把 合界 放在城的近郊之内,就如同什么也没有作;他若放在近郊以外、纵只放在外面一肘,他得着那一肘,却折了整座城,因为城的长短是算在他安息日之界的量数之内的?
Wasn’t it taught in a baraita: With regard to one who places his eiruv within the outskirts of the city, he has not done anything; if, however, he placed it outside the outskirts of the city, even one cubit outside, he gains that cubit and loses the entire city because the measure of the city is included in the measure of his Shabbat limit?
他的居处若本定在城里,安息日之界那二千肘是从近郊的边缘量起的;如今他既把居处定在城外,那城自身就算在这二千肘之内,他在那一边所折去的,就比在这一边所多得的多得多了。
If one’s Shabbat residence had been in the city, the two thousand cubits of his Shabbat limit would have been measured from the edge of the city’s outskirts; now that he has established his Shabbat residence outside the city, the city itself is included in the two thousand cubits, and he may lose far more on that side than he will gain on the other side.
革玛拉 答:这不难。那条 《巴拉伊塔》 说的是他所量的止在城当中的情形;密释纳说的却是他所量的止在城那一头的情形。
革玛拉 答:这不难。
The Gemara answers: This is not difficult.
那条 《巴拉伊塔》 说的是他所量的止在城当中的情形;密释纳说的却是他所量的止在城那一头的情形。
Here the baraita is referring to a case where his measure of two thousand cubits terminated in the middle of the city; whereas there the mishna is referring to a case where his measure terminated at the far end of the city.
这正合 拉比伊迪 所说的话,因为 拉比伊迪 说 拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:人从城外自己安息日的居处量那二千肘,量数若止在城当中,他就只得半座城,就是只可走到那二千肘的尽头。量数若止在城那一头,整座城就算作四肘,他还可以在城那一边把安息日之界余下的走完。
这正合 拉比伊迪 所说的话,因为 拉比伊迪 说 拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:人从城外自己安息日的居处量那二千肘,量数若止在城当中,他就只得半座城,就是只可走到那二千肘的尽头。
And this is in accordance with the opinion stated by Rabbi Idi, as Rabbi Idi said that Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: If one was measuring the two thousand cubits of his Shabbat limit from the location of his Shabbat residence outside the city, and his measure terminated in the middle of the city, he has only half the city, i.e., he may walk only to the end of his two thousand cubits.
量数若止在城那一头,整座城就算作四肘,他还可以在城那一边把安息日之界余下的走完。
If, however, his measure terminated at the far end of the city, the entire city is regarded as four cubits, and he completes the rest of the Shabbat limit on the other side of the city.
拉比伊迪 说:这不过是先知之言罢了——就是说,我看不出这话的道理何在。量数止在城当中,与量数止在城那一头,于我有什么分别呢?
拉比伊迪 说:这不过是先知之言罢了——就是说,我看不出这话的道理何在。
Rabbi Idi said: These are nothing more than words of prophecy, i.e., I do not see the logic behind this statement.
量数止在城当中,与量数止在城那一头,于我有什么分别呢?
What difference is it to me if the measure terminated in the middle of the city, or if it terminated at the far end of the city?
拉瓦 说:这不是先知之言,因为两样都在下面这段密释纳里教过:大城的人可以走遍那座整个落在自己安息日之界内的小城——那小城算作四肘,安息日之界余下的从城那一边量起。
拉瓦 说:这不是先知之言,因为两样都在下面这段密释纳里教过:大城的人可以走遍那座整个落在自己安息日之界内的小城——那小城算作四肘,安息日之界余下的从城那一边量起。
Rava said: They are not words of prophecy, as both cases were taught in the following mishna: The residents of a large city may walk through an entire small city that is fully included within its Shabbat limit; the small city is considered as though it were four cubits, and the rest of the Shabbat limit is measured from the other side of the city.