54b.1
引证
人几时到树上找无花果吃,就几时找得着;因为树上的无花果不是一时都熟的,人随时总寻得着新熟的一个。妥拉 的事也是这样。人几时默想它们,就几时在其中寻出新意来。
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人几时到树上找无花果吃,就几时找得着;因为树上的无花果不是一时都熟的,人随时总寻得着新熟的一个。妥拉 的事也是这样。
whenever a person searches it for figs to eat, he finds figs in it, as the figs on a tree do not ripen all at once, so that one can always find a recently ripened fig, so too, with matters of Torah.
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人几时默想它们,就几时在其中寻出新意来。
Whenever a person meditates upon them, he finds in them new meaning.
54b.2
引证
拉比撒母耳·巴尔·纳赫马尼 说:经上所写「他如可爱的麀鹿,可喜的母鹿;愿她的胸怀使你时时知足,她的爱情使你常常恋慕」(箴言五章十九节),是什么意思呢?为什么把 妥拉 的事比作麀鹿呢?这是要告诉你:麀鹿的胎窄,它的配偶时时爱它,每一时都如同头一时;妥拉 的事也是这样,习它的人时时珍爱它,每一时都如同头一时。
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拉比撒母耳·巴尔·纳赫马尼 说:经上所写「他如可爱的麀鹿,可喜的母鹿;愿她的胸怀使你时时知足,她的爱情使你常常恋慕」(箴言五章十九节),是什么意思呢?
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “A loving hind and a graceful roe, let her breasts satisfy you at all times, and be you ravished always with her love” (Proverbs 5:19)?
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为什么把 妥拉 的事比作麀鹿呢?
Why were matters of Torah compared to a hind?
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这是要告诉你:麀鹿的胎窄,它的配偶时时爱它,每一时都如同头一时;妥拉 的事也是这样,习它的人时时珍爱它,每一时都如同头一时。
To tell you that just as with a hind, its womb is narrow and it is cherished by its mate each and every hour like the first hour, so too, matters of Torah are cherished by those who study them each and every hour like the first hour.
54b.3
引证
「可喜的母鹿」这一句是这样解的:妥拉 把恩惠加在习它的人身上。「愿她的胸怀使你时时知足」——为什么把 妥拉 的事比作胸怀呢?婴孩几时到胸怀那里找奶吃,就几时找得着;妥拉 的事也是这样。人几时默想它们,就几时在其中寻出新意来。
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「可喜的母鹿」这一句是这样解的:妥拉 把恩惠加在习它的人身上。
“And a graceful roe” is expounded as follows: That the Torah bestows grace upon those who study it.
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「愿她的胸怀使你时时知足」——为什么把 妥拉 的事比作胸怀呢?
“Let her breasts satisfy you at all times”; why were matters of Torah compared to a breast?
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婴孩几时到胸怀那里找奶吃,就几时找得着;妥拉 的事也是这样。
Just as with a breast, whenever a baby searches it for milk to suckle, he finds milk in it, so too, with matters of Torah.
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人几时默想它们,就几时在其中寻出新意来。
Whenever a person meditates upon them, he finds new meaning in them.
54b.4
引证
「她的爱情使你常常恋慕」——你爱 妥拉 的心当常常把你从世事上引开去,正如 拉比以利亚撒·本·佩达特 那样。人论到他说:他坐在 西弗里 的下市习 妥拉,他的斗篷却落在 西弗里 的上市。他的心全在 妥拉 上,所以才有这样不寻常的举动。就着这一层,革玛拉 记着有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说 拉比以撒·本·以利亚撒 说:有一次有人来要拿走那件斗篷,却见一条蛇伏在上头守着。
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「她的爱情使你常常恋慕」——你爱 妥拉 的心当常常把你从世事上引开去,正如 拉比以利亚撒·本·佩达特 那样。
“And be you ravished always with her love”; your love for Torah should always distract you from worldly matters, as was the case with Rabbi Elazar ben Pedat.
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人论到他说:他坐在 西弗里 的下市习 妥拉,他的斗篷却落在 西弗里 的上市。
They said of him, of Rabbi Elazar, that he would sit and engage in Torah study in the lower marketplace of Tzippori, and his cloak was lying in the upper marketplace of Tzippori.
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他的心全在 妥拉 上,所以才有这样不寻常的举动。
His mind was so focused on Torah study that he would act in this unusual manner.
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就着这一层,革玛拉 记着有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说 拉比以撒·本·以利亚撒 说:有一次有人来要拿走那件斗篷,却见一条蛇伏在上头守着。
In this regard, the Gemara relates that it was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yitzḥak ben Elazar said: One time a person came to take this cloak for himself and found a serpent on it guarding it.
54b.5
引证
拉夫阿南 门下一位贤者再称赞 妥拉 与习 妥拉 的人,教说:经上所写「骑白驴的、坐绣花毯子的、行路的,你们都当传扬」(士师记五章十节),是什么意思呢?「骑白驴的」——这是指学者,他们为学 妥拉 从这城到那城、从这省到那省。「白」(צְחוֹרוֹת)是指那把 妥拉 讲得如正午(צׇהֳרַיִם)一样明白的人。「坐毯子的」(מִדִּין)是指那按真理审判(דָּנִין)的人。「行路的」——这是通圣经的人,在众学者中是最轻的。「在路上」——这是通密释纳的人,比前一等重。「你们都当传扬」——这是通 塔木德 的人,比众人都重,因为他们开口所谈的都是 妥拉 的事。
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拉夫阿南 门下一位贤者再称赞 妥拉 与习 妥拉 的人,教说:经上所写「骑白驴的、坐绣花毯子的、行路的,你们都当传扬」(士师记五章十节),是什么意思呢?
In further praise of the Torah and those who study it, a Sage of the school of Rav Anan taught: What is the meaning of that which is written: “You that ride on white donkeys, you that sit on rich cloths, and you that walk by the way, tell of it” (Judges 5:10)?
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「骑白驴的」——这是指学者,他们为学 妥拉 从这城到那城、从这省到那省。
“You that ride on white donkeys”; these are Torah scholars, who travel from city to city and from province to province to study Torah.
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「白」(צְחוֹרוֹת)是指那把 妥拉 讲得如正午(צׇהֳרַיִם)一样明白的人。
“White [tzeḥorot]” are those who make it clear as noon [tzahorayim], i.e., who make the Torah comprehensible.
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「坐毯子的」(מִדִּין)是指那按真理审判(דָּנִין)的人。
“You that sit on couches [midin]” refers to those who judge [danin] an absolutely true judgment.
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「行路的」——这是通圣经的人,在众学者中是最轻的。
“And you that walk”; these are the masters of Bible, who are the least important of the scholars.
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「在路上」——这是通密释纳的人,比前一等重。
“By the way”; these are the more important masters of Mishna.
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「你们都当传扬」——这是通 塔木德 的人,比众人都重,因为他们开口所谈的都是 妥拉 的事。
“Tell of it”; these are the masters of Talmud, the most important of all, as all their conversation is about matters of Torah.
54b.6
引证
革玛拉 接着这一题:拉夫舍兹维 奉 拉比以利亚撒·本·亚撒利雅 的名说:经上所写「懒惰的人(רְמִיָּה)不烤(יַחֲרֹךְ)打猎所得的」(箴言十二章二十七节),是什么意思呢?就是说:诡诈的(רַמַּאי)猎户不得延年(יַאֲרִיךְ)、不得长活(יִחְיֶה)。诡诈的猎户只顾往下一只只地猎,却不把已得的拿稳。照样,人只顾往下学新的、不温习已学的,也必不成。
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革玛拉 接着这一题:拉夫舍兹维 奉 拉比以利亚撒·本·亚撒利雅 的名说:经上所写「懒惰的人(רְמִיָּה)不烤(יַחֲרֹךְ)打猎所得的」(箴言十二章二十七节),是什么意思呢?
The Gemara continues with this topic: Rav Sheizvi said in the name of Rabbi Elazar ben Azarya: What is the meaning of that which is written: “The slothful man [remiyya] will not roast [yaḥarokh] his catch” (Proverbs 12:27)?
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就是说:诡诈的(רַמַּאי)猎户不得延年(יַאֲרִיךְ)、不得长活(יִחְיֶה)。
The deceitful [rammai] hunter will not live [yiḥyeh] a long life [ya’arikh].
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诡诈的猎户只顾往下一只只地猎,却不把已得的拿稳。
A deceitful hunter continues to hunt more and more animals without holding on to the animals he has already caught.
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照样,人只顾往下学新的、不温习已学的,也必不成。
Similarly, someone who continues to study new material without reviewing what he has already learned will not be successful.
54b.7
反驳
拉夫舍舍特 说:诡诈的猎户难道还有什么可烤的么?这样行的人是愚顽,说他诡诈却不大合。
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拉夫舍舍特 说:诡诈的猎户难道还有什么可烤的么?
Rav Sheshet said: Will a deceitful hunter have something to roast?
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这样行的人是愚顽,说他诡诈却不大合。
One who acts in this way is a fool, but it is hard to describe him as deceitful.
54b.8
解答
拉夫迪米 从以色列地到巴比伦来的时候说:这可比作一个猎鸟的人——他每捉住一只就把翅膀折了,叫它飞不去,所得的就拿得稳;不然就拿不稳。照这样解,רַמַּאי 一字不作「诡诈」讲,乃作「机巧」讲。机巧的猎户拿得稳所得的;照样,机巧的门生逐课温习,所学的就存得住。
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拉夫迪米 从以色列地到巴比伦来的时候说:这可比作一个猎鸟的人——他每捉住一只就把翅膀折了,叫它飞不去,所得的就拿得稳;不然就拿不稳。
When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said: This is comparable to a hunter who is hunting birds; if he breaks the wings of the birds one by one as he captures them so that they will be unable to fly off again, his prey will be secured, and if not, they will not be secured.
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照这样解,רַמַּאי 一字不作「诡诈」讲,乃作「机巧」讲。
According to this explanation, the word rammai is interpreted as cunning rather than deceitful.
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机巧的猎户拿得稳所得的;照样,机巧的门生逐课温习,所学的就存得住。
A cunning hunter secures his prey; similarly, a cunning student reviews each lesson and thereby retains that which he learns.
54b.9
引证
照样,拉巴 说 拉夫塞霍拉 说 拉夫胡纳 说:经上所写「不劳而得之财(הֶבֶל)必然消耗;勤劳积蓄的,必见加增」(箴言十三章十一节),是什么意思呢?人若把自己的 妥拉 作成成捆的(חֲבִילוֹת——把 הֶבֶל 的 黑 换作 海特 而得),一次学一大片,他的 妥拉 必然消耗。不然的话,就是他逐段地学、又温习已学的,那就是「勤劳积蓄的,必见加增」。
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照样,拉巴 说 拉夫塞霍拉 说 拉夫胡纳 说:经上所写「不劳而得之财(הֶבֶל)必然消耗;勤劳积蓄的,必见加增」(箴言十三章十一节),是什么意思呢?
Similarly, Rabba said that Rav Seḥora said that Rav Huna said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Wealth gotten through vanity [hevel] shall be diminished; but he that gathers little by little shall increase” (Proverbs 13:11)?
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人若把自己的 妥拉 作成成捆的(חֲבִילוֹת——把 הֶבֶל 的 黑 换作 海特 而得),一次学一大片,他的 妥拉 必然消耗。
If a person turns his Torah into bundles [ḥavilot, derived from the word hevel by replacing the heh with a ḥet], studying large amounts at the same time, his Torah will diminish.
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不然的话,就是他逐段地学、又温习已学的,那就是「勤劳积蓄的,必见加增」。
And if not, i.e., if he learns little by little and reviews what he has learned, he that gathers little by little shall increase.
54b.10
引证
拉巴 说:众贤者晓得这一层,却仍不照着行。拉夫纳赫曼·巴尔·以撒 说:我是这样行的——逐段地学、常常温习所学的,我所学的果然存住了。
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拉巴 说:众贤者晓得这一层,却仍不照着行。
Rabba said: The Sages know this, but nevertheless transgress it, i.e., they fail to heed this advice.
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拉夫纳赫曼·巴尔·以撒 说:我是这样行的——逐段地学、常常温习所学的,我所学的果然存住了。
Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said: I did this, learning little by little and regularly reviewing what I had learned, and my learning has indeed endured.
54b.11
引证
革玛拉 接着议习 妥拉 的法子。众贤者教过这样一条 《巴拉伊塔》:口传妥拉当初是照什么次序教的呢?口传妥拉起初是怎样教的呢?摩西 直接从全能者口里领受。亚伦 进来,坐在他面前,摩西 把自己从神所领受的那一课教给他。亚伦 挪开,坐在 摩西 左边。亚伦 的儿子们进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们,亚伦 在旁听着。亚伦 的儿子们挪开:以利亚撒 坐在 摩西 右边,以他玛 坐在 亚伦 左边。拉比犹大 与头一位 坦拿 争这坐次,说:其实 亚伦 还要回来坐在 摩西 右边。众长老进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们。众长老挪开,全会众进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们。这样算来,亚伦 听了四遍,他的儿子们听了三遍,众长老听了两遍,全会众听了一遍。
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革玛拉 接着议习 妥拉 的法子。
The Gemara continues to discuss methods of Torah study.
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众贤者教过这样一条 《巴拉伊塔》:口传妥拉当初是照什么次序教的呢?
The Sages taught the following baraita: What was the order of teaching the Oral Law?
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口传妥拉起初是怎样教的呢?
How was the Oral Law first taught?
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摩西 直接从全能者口里领受。
Moses learned directly from the mouth of the Almighty.
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亚伦 进来,坐在他面前,摩西 把自己从神所领受的那一课教给他。
Aaron entered and sat before him, and Moses taught him his lesson as he had learned it from God.
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亚伦 挪开,坐在 摩西 左边。
Aaron moved aside and sat to the left of Moses.
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亚伦 的儿子们进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们,亚伦 在旁听着。
Aaron’s sons entered, and Moses taught them their lesson while Aaron listened.
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亚伦 的儿子们挪开:以利亚撒 坐在 摩西 右边,以他玛 坐在 亚伦 左边。
Aaron’s sons moved aside; Elazar sat to the right of Moses and Itamar sat to the left of Aaron.
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拉比犹大 与头一位 坦拿 争这坐次,说:其实 亚伦 还要回来坐在 摩西 右边。
Rabbi Yehuda disagreed with the first tanna with regard to the seating arrangements and said: Actually, Aaron would return to sit to the right of Moses.
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众长老进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们。
The elders entered and Moses taught them their lesson.
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众长老挪开,全会众进来,摩西 把那一课教给他们。
The elders moved aside, and the entire nation entered and Moses taught them their lesson.
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这样算来,亚伦 听了四遍,他的儿子们听了三遍,众长老听了两遍,全会众听了一遍。
Therefore, Aaron had heard the lesson four times, his sons heard it three times, the elders heard it twice, and the entire nation heard it once.
54b.12
引证
摩西 随后回自己帐棚去,亚伦 就把自己从 摩西 所领受的那一课教给众人。亚伦 退去,他的儿子们又把那一课教给众人。他的儿子们退去,众长老又把那一课教给余下的人。这样,众人——亚伦、他的儿子们、众长老与全会众——都把神所教的那一课听了四遍。
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摩西 随后回自己帐棚去,亚伦 就把自己从 摩西 所领受的那一课教给众人。
Moses then departed to his tent, and Aaron taught the others his lesson as he had learned it from Moses.
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亚伦 退去,他的儿子们又把那一课教给众人。
Aaron then departed and his sons taught the others their lesson.
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他的儿子们退去,众长老又把那一课教给余下的人。
His sons then departed and the elders taught the rest of the people their lesson.
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这样,众人——亚伦、他的儿子们、众长老与全会众——都把神所教的那一课听了四遍。
Hence everyone, Aaron, his sons, the elders and all the people, heard the lesson taught by God four times.
54b.13
推论
拉比以利以谢 从这里说:人有责任把一课教给门生四遍。由此更可以从轻推重:亚伦 是从 摩西 本人受教的,摩西 又是直接从全能者口里领受 妥拉 的,尚且须这样办;寻常门生从寻常师傅受教,岂不更该把所学的温习四遍么?
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拉比以利以谢 从这里说:人有责任把一课教给门生四遍。
From here Rabbi Eliezer said: A person is obligated to teach his student his lesson four times.
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由此更可以从轻推重:亚伦 是从 摩西 本人受教的,摩西 又是直接从全能者口里领受 妥拉 的,尚且须这样办;寻常门生从寻常师傅受教,岂不更该把所学的温习四遍么?
And it follows by way of an a fortiori inference: If Aaron, who learned from Moses himself, and Moses had received the Torah directly from the mouth of the Almighty, needed this regimen; an ordinary student learning from the mouth of an ordinary teacher, how much more so must he review his studies four times.
54b.14
引证
拉比阿奇瓦 说:从哪里知道人有责任教门生到他学会、并且明白为止呢?因为经上说:「现在你要写一篇歌,教导以色列人,传给他们,使这歌见证他们的不是」(申命记三十一章十九节)。这一节含着说人当把 妥拉 教给别人。从哪里知道人须教到所学的在门生口里理得清楚为止呢?因为经上说:「传给他们」——好叫他们能转教别人。
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拉比阿奇瓦 说:从哪里知道人有责任教门生到他学会、并且明白为止呢?
Rabbi Akiva says: From where do we derive that a person is obligated to teach his student until he learns the material and understands it?
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因为经上说:「现在你要写一篇歌,教导以色列人,传给他们,使这歌见证他们的不是」(申命记三十一章十九节)。
As it is stated: “Now therefore write this song for you, and teach it to the children of Israel; put it in their mouths, that this song may be a witness for me against the children of Israel” (Deuteronomy 31:19).
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这一节含着说人当把 妥拉 教给别人。
This verse indicates that one must teach Torah to others.
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从哪里知道人须教到所学的在门生口里理得清楚为止呢?
And from where do we derive that one must teach his students until the material is organized in their mouths?
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因为经上说:「传给他们」——好叫他们能转教别人。
As it is stated: “Put it in their mouths,” so that they should be capable of teaching it to others.
54b.15
引证
从哪里知道师傅须把所以然的道理指给门生看呢?因为经上说:「你在百姓面前所要立的典章是这样」(出埃及记二十一章一节)——这含着说,那一课须条理分明地摆在门生面前。
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从哪里知道师傅须把所以然的道理指给门生看呢?
And from where do we derive that a teacher must show his students the reasons for the teachings?
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因为经上说:「你在百姓面前所要立的典章是这样」(出埃及记二十一章一节)——这含着说,那一课须条理分明地摆在门生面前。
As it is stated: “Now these are the judgments which you shall set before them” (Exodus 21:1), which indicates that the lesson must be set out in logical fashion for the students.
54b.16
提问
论到口传之律怎样教法,革玛拉 问:众人本该都从 摩西 自己学四遍才是。革玛拉 答:所以这样分着教,是为尊重 亚伦 与他的儿子们,也为尊重众长老。
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论到口传之律怎样教法,革玛拉 问:众人本该都从 摩西 自己学四遍才是。
With regard to the manner in which the Oral Law was taught, the Gemara asks: They should all have studied from Moses himself four times.
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革玛拉 答:所以这样分着教,是为尊重 亚伦 与他的儿子们,也为尊重众长老。
The Gemara answers: The teaching was divided in this manner in order to give honor to Aaron and his sons, and also to give honor to the elders.
54b.17
提问
革玛拉 又问:何不另用一法、省得 摩西 这样劳动呢——亚伦 进来从 摩西 学,他的儿子们再进来从 亚伦 学,众长老再进来从 亚伦 的儿子们学,然后出去教全以色列人。革玛拉 答:摩西 既是直接从全能者口里领受的,叫众人至少从 摩西 本人听一遍 妥拉,总更得力。
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革玛拉 又问:何不另用一法、省得 摩西 这样劳动呢——亚伦 进来从 摩西 学,他的儿子们再进来从 亚伦 学,众长老再进来从 亚伦 的儿子们学,然后出去教全以色列人。
The Gemara asks why a different method was not adopted, one which would have involved less trouble for Moses: Aaron should have entered and studied from Moses; his sons should then have entered and studied from Aaron; the elders should then have entered and studied from Aaron’s sons; and then they should have gone out and taught all of the Jewish people.
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革玛拉 答:摩西 既是直接从全能者口里领受的,叫众人至少从 摩西 本人听一遍 妥拉,总更得力。
The Gemara answers: Since Moses had studied directly from the mouth of the Almighty, it would be more effective for everyone to hear the Torah at least once from Moses himself.
54b.18
提问
师尊在那条 《巴拉伊塔》 里说 拉比犹大 说:其实 亚伦 还要回来坐在 摩西 右边——就是说不拘在场的有多少人,亚伦 总坐在 摩西 右边。革玛拉 问:有一条论礼数的 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:三个人一同在路上走,师傅当走在当中,两个门生里大的在他右边,小的在他左边——这是依谁的说法教的呢?我们且说这是 拉比犹大 的说法,不是众贤者的说法么?照众贤者的意思,两个门生里大的该在师傅左边,好叫门生的右边朝着师傅。
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师尊在那条 《巴拉伊塔》 里说 拉比犹大 说:其实 亚伦 还要回来坐在 摩西 右边——就是说不拘在场的有多少人,亚伦 总坐在 摩西 右边。
The Master said in the baraita that Rabbi Yehuda says: Actually, Aaron would return to sit to the right of Moses, i.e., no matter how many people were present Aaron always sat to Moses’ right.
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革玛拉 问:有一条论礼数的 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:三个人一同在路上走,师傅当走在当中,两个门生里大的在他右边,小的在他左边——这是依谁的说法教的呢?
The Gemara asks: In accordance with whose opinion was it taught in a baraita dealing with the rules of etiquette: If three people were walking along the way, the teacher should walk in the middle and the greater of the two students should be to his right and the lesser one should be to his left?
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我们且说这是 拉比犹大 的说法,不是众贤者的说法么?
Shall we say that it is the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda and not that of the Sages?
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照众贤者的意思,两个门生里大的该在师傅左边,好叫门生的右边朝着师傅。
According to the Sages, the greater of the two students should be positioned to the left of the teacher so that the student’s right side faces his teacher.
54b.19
解答
革玛拉 答:你纵说这条 《巴拉伊塔》 是依众贤者的说法教的也讲得通;他们所以说别人进来之后 亚伦 仍留在 摩西 左边,是因为 亚伦 若要站起来再坐下,未免劳动他。
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革玛拉 答:你纵说这条 《巴拉伊塔》 是依众贤者的说法教的也讲得通;他们所以说别人进来之后 亚伦 仍留在 摩西 左边,是因为 亚伦 若要站起来再坐下,未免劳动他。
The Gemara answers: You can even say that this baraita was taught in accordance with the opinion of the Sages, and the reason they said that Aaron remained to Moses’ left even after the others entered is due to the trouble to Aaron if he would have to stand up and sit down again.
54b.20
引证
既议过温习所学的要紧,革玛拉 记着:拉比佩里达 有一个门生,他须教四百遍那门生才学得会,不然总不明白。有一日,那一课过后有人为着一件诫命的事来请他。拉比佩里达 照常教了四百遍,那门生这一次却没有学会。
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既议过温习所学的要紧,革玛拉 记着:拉比佩里达 有一个门生,他须教四百遍那门生才学得会,不然总不明白。
Having discussed the importance of reviewing one’s Torah study, the Gemara relates that Rabbi Perida had a certain student whom he would have to teach four hundred times, and only then would he learn the material, as he was incapable of understanding it otherwise.
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有一日,那一课过后有人为着一件诫命的事来请他。
One day they requested Rabbi Perida’s presence for a mitzva matter after the lesson.
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拉比佩里达 照常教了四百遍,那门生这一次却没有学会。
Rabbi Perida taught his student four hundred times as usual, but this time the student did not successfully learn the material.
54b.21
引证
拉比佩里达 对他说:今日有什么两样,你怎么领会不了这一课呢?他对他说:自从他们对师尊说有一件诫命的事等着他去办,我的心就从这一课上走了,时时刻刻想着:师尊这就要起身了,这就要起身去办那诫命,这一课要教不完了。拉比佩里达 对他说:这一次你留心,我教你;你要晓得,你不把这一课全然学透,我是不走的。他就又从头教了他四百遍。
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拉比佩里达 对他说:今日有什么两样,你怎么领会不了这一课呢?
Rabbi Perida said to him: What is different now that you are unable to grasp the lesson?
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他对他说:自从他们对师尊说有一件诫命的事等着他去办,我的心就从这一课上走了,时时刻刻想着:师尊这就要起身了,这就要起身去办那诫命,这一课要教不完了。
He said to him: From the time that they said to the Master that there is a mitzva matter for which he is needed, my mind was distracted from the lesson and every moment I said: Now the Master will get up, now the Master will get up to go and perform the mitzva and he will not complete the lesson.
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拉比佩里达 对他说:这一次你留心,我教你;你要晓得,你不把这一课全然学透,我是不走的。
Rabbi Perida said to him: Pay attention this time and I will teach you, and know that I will not leave until you have fully mastered the lesson.
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他就又从头教了他四百遍。
He taught him again an additional four hundred times.
54b.22
引证
因 拉比佩里达 待门生这样尽心,有天音出来对他说:你愿意加寿四百年呢,还是愿意你与你那一代的人同得来世呢?他说:我愿我与我那一代的人同得来世。圣者、当受颂赞的对众天使说:两样都赐给他——叫他大得高寿,又叫他与那一代的人同得来世。
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因 拉比佩里达 待门生这样尽心,有天音出来对他说:你愿意加寿四百年呢,还是愿意你与你那一代的人同得来世呢?
Due to the merit of Rabbi Perida’s great devotion to his students, a Divine Voice emerged and said to him: Is it preferable to you that four hundred years be added to your life, or that you and the rest of your generation will merit the World-to-Come?
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他说:我愿我与我那一代的人同得来世。
He said: I prefer that I and my generation merit the World-to-Come.
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圣者、当受颂赞的对众天使说:两样都赐给他——叫他大得高寿,又叫他与那一代的人同得来世。
The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to the angels: Give him both; he shall live a very long life and he and the rest of his generation will merit the World-to-Come.
54b.23
引证
革玛拉 接着议习 妥拉 的法子:拉夫希斯达 说:妥拉 非有帮记性的记号不得,因为经上说「传给他们」——不要读作 שִׂימָהּ「放在」,当读作 סִימָנָהּ「它的记号」,这就含着说记号能帮人记住所学的。
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革玛拉 接着议习 妥拉 的法子:拉夫希斯达 说:妥拉 非有帮记性的记号不得,因为经上说「传给他们」——不要读作 שִׂימָהּ「放在」,当读作 סִימָנָהּ「它的记号」,这就含着说记号能帮人记住所学的。
The Gemara continues its discussion with regard to methods of Torah study: Rav Ḥisda said: The Torah can be acquired only with mnemonic signs that aid the memory, as it is stated: “Put it in their mouths.” Do not read the phrase as: Put it [simah], but rather as: Its sign [simanah], thus indicating that mnemonic signs aid in memorizing the material.
54b.24
引证
西方的、就是以色列地的 西方的拉夫塔哈利法 听见这话,去到 拉比阿巴胡 面前说了;拉比阿巴胡 说:你们是从那里学得这意思的,我们却是从这里——经上说:「以色列民哪,你当为自己设立指路碑(צִיּוּנִים),竖起引路柱」(耶利米书三十一章二十一节),这就解作:你当为 妥拉 立下记号。从哪里推知 צִיּוּן 一字是「记号」的意思呢?因为别一节写着:「巡查遍地的人……看见人的骸骨,就在旁边立一标记(צִיּוּן)」(以西结书三十九章十五节)——就是立个记号,表明那里有不洁之源。
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西方的、就是以色列地的 西方的拉夫塔哈利法 听见这话,去到 拉比阿巴胡 面前说了;拉比阿巴胡 说:你们是从那里学得这意思的,我们却是从这里——经上说:「以色列民哪,你当为自己设立指路碑(צִיּוּנִים),竖起引路柱」(耶利米书三十一章二十一节),这就解作:你当为 妥拉 立下记号。
Rav Taḥalifa of the West, i.e., from Eretz Yisrael, heard this statement and went and said it before Rabbi Abbahu, who said: You learn this idea from there; we learn it from here, as the verse states: “Set up signposts [tziyyunim] for yourself; establish you markers” (Jeremiah 31:20), which is understood to mean: Establish mnemonic signs for the Torah.
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从哪里推知 צִיּוּן 一字是「记号」的意思呢?
And from where may it be inferred that this term tziyyun denotes a sign?
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因为别一节写着:「巡查遍地的人……看见人的骸骨,就在旁边立一标记(צִיּוּן)」(以西结书三十九章十五节)——就是立个记号,表明那里有不洁之源。
As it is written in a different verse: “And when they that pass through shall pass through the land, and any sees a human bone, he shall set up a sign [tziyyun] by it” (Ezekiel 39:15), i.e., a sign that there is a source of ritual impurity at that spot.
54b.25
引证
拉比以利以谢 说这同一个意思是从这里出来的:「对智慧说:你是我的姊妹,称呼聪明为你的亲人(מוֹדָע)」(箴言七章四节)——意思是:你当立下叫人认得 妥拉 的记号(מוֹדָעִים)。拉瓦 就这一节说:你当为习 妥拉 定下时候(מוֹעֲדִים)。
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拉比以利以谢 说这同一个意思是从这里出来的:「对智慧说:你是我的姊妹,称呼聪明为你的亲人(מוֹדָע)」(箴言七章四节)——意思是:你当立下叫人认得 妥拉 的记号(מוֹדָעִים)。
Rabbi Eliezer said that we learn this same idea from here: “Say to wisdom, you are my sister, and call understanding, your kinswoman [moda]” (Proverbs 7:4), which means: Establish signs [moda’im] that convey knowledge of the Torah.
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拉瓦 就这一节说:你当为习 妥拉 定下时候(מוֹעֲדִים)。
Rava said with regard to this verse: Set appointed times [mo’adim] for Torah study.