——好像初熟的无花果;另一筐(דּוּד)是极坏的无花果,坏得不能吃(耶利米书 24:1–2)。
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——好像初熟的无花果;另一筐(דּוּד)是极坏的无花果,坏得不能吃(耶利米书 24:1–2)。
that are first ripe, and the other basket [dud] had very bad figs, so bad they could not be eaten” (Jeremiah 24:1–2).
← 移入纹卷总目·第二章 井边立板
这不是译本,是辅读层。中文承载文本本身,并逐句标出哪些是塔木德自己的话、 哪些是 施泰因扎尔茨 补入的解释,以及哪些地方翻译必然有所流失。
谢法利亚 的 威廉·戴维森 版用 <b> 标出塔木德原文,其余为
施泰因扎尔茨 补入。下面的比例是逐句从这个标记算出来的,不是判断。
这一面每读 2 句,只有一句以塔木德自己的话为主。把这件事藏起来, 读者会以为自己读的是塔木德;标出来,他才知道自己站在哪里。
——好像初熟的无花果;另一筐(דּוּד)是极坏的无花果,坏得不能吃(耶利米书 24:1–2)。
——好像初熟的无花果;另一筐(דּוּד)是极坏的无花果,坏得不能吃(耶利米书 24:1–2)。
that are first ripe, and the other basket [dud] had very bad figs, so bad they could not be eaten” (Jeremiah 24:1–2).
好无花果,这是十足的义人;坏无花果,这是十足的恶人。你若说恶人的指望已绝、他们的盼望已空,经上却讲说「דּוּדָאִים 发出香气」(雅歌 7:14)一语,意思是两样人——义人与恶人——到底都要发出香气。
好无花果,这是十足的义人;坏无花果,这是十足的恶人。
Good figs, these are the full-fledged righteous people; bad figs, these are the full-fledged wicked people.
你若说恶人的指望已绝、他们的盼望已空,经上却讲说「דּוּדָאִים 发出香气」(雅歌 7:14)一语,意思是两样人——义人与恶人——到底都要发出香气。
And lest you say that the hope of the wicked is lost and their prospect is void, the verse states, interpreting the word duda’im homiletically: “The baskets [duda’im] yield a fragrance” (Song of Songs 7:14), meaning that both of them, the righteous and the wicked, will eventually yield a fragrance.
拉瓦 讲说上头所引那一句:经上写着「风茄(דּוּדָאִים)发出香气,在我们的门内有各样佳美的果子,新的旧的,都是我为你存留的,我的良人」(雅歌 7:14)——这是什么意思呢?「风茄(דּוּדָאִים)发出香气」,这是以色列的少年人,他们从未尝过罪的滋味。
拉瓦 讲说上头所引那一句:经上写着「风茄(דּוּדָאִים)发出香气,在我们的门内有各样佳美的果子,新的旧的,都是我为你存留的,我的良人」(雅歌 7:14)——这是什么意思呢?
Rava interpreted the verse cited above homiletically as follows: What is the meaning of that which is written: “The mandrakes [duda’im] yield a fragrance, and at our doors are all manner of choice fruits, new and old, which I have laid up for you, O my beloved” (Song of Songs 7:14)?
「风茄(דּוּדָאִים)发出香气」,这是以色列的少年人,他们从未尝过罪的滋味。
“The mandrakes [duda’im] yield a fragrance,” these are the young men of Israel who have never tasted the taste of sin.
「在我们的门内(פְּתָחֵינוּ)有各样佳美的果子(מְגָדִים)」,这是以色列的女子,她们把自己的门户(פִּתְחֵיהֶן)告诉(מַגִּידוֹת)丈夫——就是把行经之时告诉他。这一解另有一样传法:她们把自己的门户封住(אוֹגְדוֹת)、为丈夫存留,不与别人苟合。
「在我们的门内(פְּתָחֵינוּ)有各样佳美的果子(מְגָדִים)」,这是以色列的女子,她们把自己的门户(פִּתְחֵיהֶן)告诉(מַגִּידוֹת)丈夫——就是把行经之时告诉他。
“And at our doors [petaḥeinu] are all manner of choice fruits [megadim],” these are the daughters of Israel who inform [maggidot] their husbands about their passageway [pit’ḥeihen], i.e., they tell them when they are menstruating.
这一解另有一样传法:她们把自己的门户封住(אוֹגְדוֹת)、为丈夫存留,不与别人苟合。
Another version of this interpretation is: They bind [ogedot] their passageway and save it for their husbands, and do not have relations with others.
「新的旧的,都是我为你存留的,我的良人」——以色列全会众在圣者(愿他受颂赞)面前说,又接着说:宇宙的主啊,我藉着众贤者所立的条例与规矩,给自己定了许多规条,比你在 妥拉 里所定给我的还多,我都遵行了。那些便是「新的」,是加在 妥拉 里所说「旧的」之上的。
「新的旧的,都是我为你存留的,我的良人」——以色列全会众在圣者(愿他受颂赞)面前说,又接着说:宇宙的主啊,我藉着众贤者所立的条例与规矩,给自己定了许多规条,比你在 妥拉 里所定给我的还多,我都遵行了。
“New and old, which I have laid up for you, O my beloved,” the Congregation of Israel said before the Holy One, Blessed be He, and continued: Master of the Universe, I have decreed many decrees upon myself through the enactments and ordinances of the Sages, more than what You decreed upon me in the Torah, and I have fulfilled them.
那些便是「新的」,是加在 妥拉 里所说「旧的」之上的。
These are the new laws which were added to the old ones stated in the Torah.
有话记着:拉夫希斯达 对一位在他面前把 阿嘉达 所传之说排讲的贤者说:你听过「新的旧的」是什么意思么?他对他说:这「新的」是较宽的诫命,那「旧的」是较严的诫命。
有话记着:拉夫希斯达 对一位在他面前把 阿嘉达 所传之说排讲的贤者说:你听过「新的旧的」是什么意思么?
It was related that Rav Ḥisda said to one of the Sages who would arrange the traditions of the aggada before him: Did you hear what the meaning of: New and old is?
他对他说:这「新的」是较宽的诫命,那「旧的」是较严的诫命。
He said to him: These, the new, are the more lenient mitzvot, and these, the old, are the more stringent mitzvot.
拉夫希斯达 对他说:这讲不通——妥拉 岂是分两回赐下的么,就是较宽的与较严的诫命各赐一回么?倒该说:这「旧的」是 妥拉 里的诫命,那「新的」是众贤者所立的。
拉夫希斯达 对他说:这讲不通——妥拉 岂是分两回赐下的么,就是较宽的与较严的诫命各赐一回么?
Rav Ḥisda said to him: This cannot be so, for was the Torah given on two separate occasions, i.e., were the more lenient and more stringent mitzvot given separately?
倒该说:这「旧的」是 妥拉 里的诫命,那「新的」是众贤者所立的。
Rather, these, the old, are mitzvot from the Torah, and these, the new, are from the Sages.
拉瓦 照样讲说另一句:经上写着「我儿,还有一言,你当受劝戒:著书多(סְפָרִים),没有穷尽;读书多,身体疲倦」(传道书 12:12)——这是什么意思呢?我儿,你当谨守 通文之人 的话,比谨守 妥拉 的话还要谨守——那 诸书 一字正读作 通文之人。因为 妥拉 的话里有当行的、有不可行的;连那些不可行的,犯了多半也只受笞。至于众贤者的话,凡违背众贤者之话的都当受死,正如经上说:「拆墙垣的,必被蛇咬」(传道书 10:8)——那墙垣是喻指众贤者所立的条例。
拉瓦 照样讲说另一句:经上写着「我儿,还有一言,你当受劝戒:著书多(סְפָרִים),没有穷尽;读书多,身体疲倦」(传道书 12:12)——这是什么意思呢?
Rava expounded another verse in similar fashion: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And more than these, my son, be careful: of making many books [sefarim] there is no end; and much study is a weariness of the flesh” (Ecclesiastes 12:12)?
我儿,你当谨守 通文之人 的话,比谨守 妥拉 的话还要谨守——那 诸书 一字正读作 通文之人。
My son, be careful to fulfill the words of the Sages [soferim] even more than the words of the Torah.
因为 妥拉 的话里有当行的、有不可行的;连那些不可行的,犯了多半也只受笞。
For the words of the Torah include positive and negative commandments, and even with regard to the negative commandments, the violation of many of them is punishable only by lashes.
至于众贤者的话,凡违背众贤者之话的都当受死,正如经上说:「拆墙垣的,必被蛇咬」(传道书 10:8)——那墙垣是喻指众贤者所立的条例。
Whereas with respect to the words of the Sages, anyone who transgresses the words of the Sages is liable to receive the death penalty, as it is stated: “And whoever breaches through a hedge, a snake shall bite him” (Ecclesiastes 10:8), taking hedges to refer metaphorically to decrees.
你若说:众贤者的话既这样实在、这样要紧,何以没有写在 妥拉 里呢?所以经上说:「著书多,没有穷尽」,意思是口传的 妥拉 断不能尽写成文字,因为它是无穷的。
你若说:众贤者的话既这样实在、这样要紧,何以没有写在 妥拉 里呢?所以经上说:「著书多,没有穷尽」,意思是口传的 妥拉 断不能尽写成文字,因为它是无穷的。
Lest you say: If the words of the Sages are of substance and have such great importance, why were they not written in the Torah, therefore, the verse states: “Of making many books there is no end,” meaning that it is impossible to fully commit the Oral Torah to writing, as it is boundless.
「读书多(לָהַג),身体疲倦」这一句是什么意思呢?拉夫帕帕·巴尔·拉夫阿哈·巴尔·阿达 奉 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·乌拉 之名说:这是教人,凡讥笑(מַלִּיג)众贤者之话的,必被定在沸粪之中——那正是人身体疲倦所出的。
「读书多(לָהַג),身体疲倦」这一句是什么意思呢?
What is the meaning of the words: “And much study [lahag] is a weariness of the flesh”?
拉夫帕帕·巴尔·拉夫阿哈·巴尔·阿达 奉 拉夫阿哈·巴尔·乌拉 之名说:这是教人,凡讥笑(מַלִּיג)众贤者之话的,必被定在沸粪之中——那正是人身体疲倦所出的。
Rav Pappa, son of Rav Aḥa bar Adda, said in the name of Rav Aḥa bar Ulla: This teaches that whoever mocks [malig] the words of the Sages will be sentenced to boiling excrement, which results from the weariness of the flesh of man.
拉瓦 力驳这个讲法:经上写的岂是「讥笑(לַעַג)」么?写的是「לָהַג」。所以那一句倒当反过来讲:凡默想(הוֹגֶה)众贤者之话的,所得的享受如同肉的滋味。
拉瓦 力驳这个讲法:经上写的岂是「讥笑(לַעַג)」么?
Rava strongly objects to this explanation: Is it written: Mock [la’ag]?
写的是「לָהַג」。
“Lahag” is the word that is written.
所以那一句倒当反过来讲:凡默想(הוֹגֶה)众贤者之话的,所得的享受如同肉的滋味。
Rather, the verse must be understood in the opposite manner: Whoever meditates [hogeh] upon them, the words of the Sages, experiences enjoyment as if it had the taste of meat.
论到谨守众贤者之话何等要紧,革玛拉 记着:众贤者教一条 《巴拉伊塔》 说:有一次 拉比阿奇瓦 被囚在狱里,拉比约书亚·哈加尔西 常到狱里服事他所需的。他的门徒天天量着分量给他送水。有一日狱卒遇见 拉比约书亚·哈加尔西,对他说:你今日的水比素常多;只怕你要用它泡软墙壁、挖穿这狱。于是他把水倒了一半,把另一半给他带进去给 拉比阿奇瓦。
论到谨守众贤者之话何等要紧,革玛拉 记着:众贤者教一条 《巴拉伊塔》 说:有一次 拉比阿奇瓦 被囚在狱里,拉比约书亚·哈加尔西 常到狱里服事他所需的。
Concerning the significance of observing the words of the Sages, the Gemara relates: The Sages taught in a baraita: It once happened that Rabbi Akiva was incarcerated in a prison, and Rabbi Yehoshua HaGarsi would come to the prison to attend to his needs.
他的门徒天天量着分量给他送水。
Every day his disciples would bring him water in a measured quantity.
有一日狱卒遇见 拉比约书亚·哈加尔西,对他说:你今日的水比素常多;只怕你要用它泡软墙壁、挖穿这狱。
One day the prison guard met Rabbi Yehoshua HaGarsi and said to him: The amount of your water today is more than usual; perhaps you need it in order to soften the walls and thus undermine the prison.
于是他把水倒了一半,把另一半给他带进去给 拉比阿奇瓦。
He then poured out half the water, and gave him the other half to take in to Rabbi Akiva.
拉比约书亚 到了 拉比阿奇瓦 那里,那位见他带来的水这样少,就对他说:约书亚,你岂不知道我已老了、我的命系在你的命上么?再没有别人给我送水;你给我的若少过我所需的,我的命就危了。
拉比约书亚 到了 拉比阿奇瓦 那里,那位见他带来的水这样少,就对他说:约书亚,你岂不知道我已老了、我的命系在你的命上么?
When Rabbi Yehoshua came to Rabbi Akiva, and the latter saw the small amount of water he had brought, he said to him: Yehoshua, do you not know that I am old, and my life depends on your life?
再没有别人给我送水;你给我的若少过我所需的,我的命就危了。
No one else brings me water, so if you bring me less than I need, my life is endangered.
拉比约书亚 把那件事一一告诉他之后,拉比阿奇瓦 对他说:给我水,我要洗手。拉比约书亚 对他说:我带来的水连喝都不够,怎能够洗手呢?他对他说:我有什么办法呢——违背众贤者的话、不先洗手就吃,是当受死的。既是这样,我宁可渴死、死我自己的死,也不违背我同辈所立「吃饭以先当洗手」那条规。
拉比约书亚 把那件事一一告诉他之后,拉比阿奇瓦 对他说:给我水,我要洗手。
After Rabbi Yehoshua related to him the entire incident, Rabbi Akiva said to him: Give me water so that I may wash my hands.
拉比约书亚 对他说:我带来的水连喝都不够,怎能够洗手呢?
Rabbi Yehoshua said to him: The water that I brought will not suffice for drinking; how will it suffice for washing your hands?
他对他说:我有什么办法呢——违背众贤者的话、不先洗手就吃,是当受死的。
He said to him: What can I do; for transgressing the words of the Sages and eating without first washing hands one is liable to receive the death penalty.
既是这样,我宁可渴死、死我自己的死,也不违背我同辈所立「吃饭以先当洗手」那条规。
And if so, it is better that I should die my own death by thirst, rather than transgress the opinion of my colleagues who enacted that one must wash hands before eating.
有话说:他一样不肯尝,直等 拉比约书亚 给他送来了水、他洗了手。众贤者听见这件事,就说:他年老力衰之时守诫命尚且这样精细,他年壮之时更当何如。他在狱中行事尚且这样谨慎,他不在狱中之时更当何如。
有话说:他一样不肯尝,直等 拉比约书亚 给他送来了水、他洗了手。
They said that he would not taste anything until Rabbi Yehoshua brought him water and he washed his hands.
众贤者听见这件事,就说:他年老力衰之时守诫命尚且这样精细,他年壮之时更当何如。
When the Sages heard about this, they said: If in his old age and weakened state he is still so meticulous in his observance of the mitzvot, how much more so must he have been in his youth.
他在狱中行事尚且这样谨慎,他不在狱中之时更当何如。
And if in prison he is so scrupulous in his behavior, how much more so must he have been when not in prison.
拉夫犹大 奉 撒母耳 之名说:所罗门 王立院中的 合界 与洗手去污这两条例的时候——那两条都是加在 妥拉 之话上的防篱——天上发出声音来称赞他说:「我儿,你心若存智慧,我的心也就快乐」(箴言 23:15)。论他又说:「我儿,你要作智慧人,好叫我的心欢喜,使我可以回答那讥讽我的人」(箴言 27:11)。
拉夫犹大 奉 撒母耳 之名说:所罗门 王立院中的 合界 与洗手去污这两条例的时候——那两条都是加在 妥拉 之话上的防篱——天上发出声音来称赞他说:「我儿,你心若存智慧,我的心也就快乐」(箴言 23:15)。
Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: At the time that King Solomon instituted the ordinances of eiruv of courtyards and of washing hands to purify them from their impurity, which are added safeguards to the words of the Torah, a Divine Voice emerged and said in his praise: “My son, if your heart is wise, My heart will be glad, even Mine” (Proverbs 23:15).
论他又说:「我儿,你要作智慧人,好叫我的心欢喜,使我可以回答那讥讽我的人」(箴言 27:11)。
And it states with regard to him: “My son, be wise and make My heart glad, that I may respond to he who taunts Me” (Proverbs 27:11).
革玛拉 又引 拉瓦 所讲说的几句:经上写着「我的良人,来吧,你和我往田间去;让我们在村庄住宿。我们早晨起来往葡萄园去,看看葡萄发芽开花没有,石榴放蕊没有;我在那里要将我的爱情给你」(雅歌 7:12–13)——这是什么意思呢?
革玛拉 又引 拉瓦 所讲说的几句:经上写着「我的良人,来吧,你和我往田间去;让我们在村庄住宿。
The Gemara cites additional teachings that Rava interpreted homiletically: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field; let us lodge in the villages.
我们早晨起来往葡萄园去,看看葡萄发芽开花没有,石榴放蕊没有;我在那里要将我的爱情给你」(雅歌 7:12–13)——这是什么意思呢?
Let us get up early to the vineyards; let us see if the vine has flowered, if the grape blossoms have opened, if the pomegranates are in flower; there will I give you my loves” (Song of Songs 7:12–13)?
论到「我的良人,来吧,你和我往田间去」一句:以色列全会众在圣者(愿他受颂赞)面前说:宇宙的主啊,不要照那些住在大城里的人待我——那里有抢夺、有淫乱、有妄誓、有假誓;倒该「往田间去」,你来,我要指给你看那些耕田而仍研习 妥拉 的学者,他们在穷乏困苦之中研习。
论到「我的良人,来吧,你和我往田间去」一句:以色列全会众在圣者(愿他受颂赞)面前说:宇宙的主啊,不要照那些住在大城里的人待我——那里有抢夺、有淫乱、有妄誓、有假誓;倒该「往田间去」,你来,我要指给你看那些耕田而仍研习 妥拉 的学者,他们在穷乏困苦之中研习。
With regard to the words: “Come, my beloved, let us go forth into the field,” the Congregation of Israel said before the Holy One, Blessed be He: Master of the Universe, do not judge me like those who reside in large cities where there is robbery and licentiousness, and vain oaths and false oaths, but rather: “Let us go forth into the field,” come and I will show You Torah scholars who work the land but nonetheless engage in Torah study, in poverty and in distress.
论到「让我们在村庄住宿」一句:不要读作「在村庄(בַּכְּפָרִים)」,倒要读作「在那些不认的人中间(בַּכּוֹפְרִים)」,意思是:你来,我要指给你看世上万民——你曾把恩惠厚厚地浇在他们身上,他们却不认你。
论到「让我们在村庄住宿」一句:不要读作「在村庄(בַּכְּפָרִים)」,倒要读作「在那些不认的人中间(בַּכּוֹפְרִים)」,意思是:你来,我要指给你看世上万民——你曾把恩惠厚厚地浇在他们身上,他们却不认你。
With regard to the words, “Let us lodge in the villages,” do not read the phrase as: In the villages [bakefarim], but rather as: By the deniers [bakoferim], meaning, come and I will show You the nations of the world, whom You showered with good, but yet they have denied You.
「我们早晨起来往葡萄园去」,这是众会堂与众学舍。「看看葡萄发芽没有」,这是通经的人,他们精于研习 妥拉 的头一层。「开花没有」,这是通密释纳的人。「石榴放蕊没有」,这是通 革玛拉 的人。「我在那里要将我的爱情给你」,意思是:我要指给你看我的荣耀、我的尊大,就是我儿女的可称之处——他们怎样紧守圣洁。
「我们早晨起来往葡萄园去」,这是众会堂与众学舍。
“Let us get up early to the vineyards,” these are the synagogues and houses of study.
「看看葡萄发芽没有」,这是通经的人,他们精于研习 妥拉 的头一层。
“Let us see if the vine has flowered,” these are the masters of Bible, who are proficient in the first stage of Torah study.
「开花没有」,这是通密释纳的人。
“If the grape blossoms have opened,” these are the masters of Mishna.
「石榴放蕊没有」,这是通 革玛拉 的人。
“If the pomegranates are in flower,” these are the masters of Gemara.
「我在那里要将我的爱情给你」,意思是:我要指给你看我的荣耀、我的尊大,就是我儿女的可称之处——他们怎样紧守圣洁。
“There will I give you my loves,” means I will show You my glory and my greatness, the praise of my sons and daughters, how they adhere to sanctity.
革玛拉 接着讲说 所罗门 王。拉夫哈姆努纳 说:经上写着「他作箴言三千句,诗歌一千零五首」(列王纪上 5:12)——这是什么意思呢?这是教人:所罗门 为 妥拉 里每一个字都说了三千句箴言,为通文之人所传的每一个字都说了一千零五条道理。
革玛拉 接着讲说 所罗门 王。
The Gemara expounds further concerning King Solomon.
拉夫哈姆努纳 说:经上写着「他作箴言三千句,诗歌一千零五首」(列王纪上 5:12)——这是什么意思呢?
Rav Hamnuna said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And he spoke three thousand proverbs, and his poems were a thousand and five” (i Kings 5:12)?
这是教人:所罗门 为 妥拉 里每一个字都说了三千句箴言,为通文之人所传的每一个字都说了一千零五条道理。
This teaches that Solomon pronounced three thousand proverbs for each and every word of the Torah, and one thousand and five reasons for each and every word of the Scribes.
拉瓦 又讲说:经上写着「传道者不但有智慧,还将知识教训众人;他又揣摩,又考查,又陈说许多箴言」(传道书 12:9)——这是什么意思呢?拉瓦 讲说:「将知识教训众人」,意思是他连 妥拉 里的读音记号也一并教了;又每一件都取相类的事来讲明它。
拉瓦 又讲说:经上写着「传道者不但有智慧,还将知识教训众人;他又揣摩,又考查,又陈说许多箴言」(传道书 12:9)——这是什么意思呢?
Rava also taught: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And besides being wise, Koheleth also taught the people knowledge; and he weighed, and sought out, and set in order many proverbs” (Ecclesiastes 12:9).
拉瓦 讲说:「将知识教训众人」,意思是他连 妥拉 里的读音记号也一并教了;又每一件都取相类的事来讲明它。
Rava interpreted homiletically: He taught the people knowledge, meaning he taught it with the accentuation marks in the Torah, and he explained each matter by means of something similar to it.
论到「他又揣摩(אִזֵּן),又考查,又陈说许多箴言」一句:乌拉 奉 拉比以利以谢 之名说:起先 妥拉 像一个没有耳(אָזְנַיִם)的筐子,直到 所罗门 来,给它作了耳。他藉着所讲说的与所立的箴言,使各人都领会得、把握得住 妥拉,遵行它的诫命,远离过犯。
论到「他又揣摩(אִזֵּן),又考查,又陈说许多箴言」一句:乌拉 奉 拉比以利以谢 之名说:起先 妥拉 像一个没有耳(אָזְנַיִם)的筐子,直到 所罗门 来,给它作了耳。
With regard to: “And he weighed [izzen], and sought out, and set in order many proverbs,” Ulla said that Rabbi Eliezer said: At first the Torah was like a basket without handles [oznayim], until Solomon came and made handles for it.
他藉着所讲说的与所立的箴言,使各人都领会得、把握得住 妥拉,遵行它的诫命,远离过犯。
By means of his explanations and proverbs he enabled each person to understand and take hold of the Torah, fulfill its mitzvot, and distance himself from transgressions.
论到「他的头像至精的金子,他的头发(קְוֻצּוֹתָיו)厚密累垂(תַּלְתַּלִּים),黑如乌鸦」(雅歌 5:11)一句:拉夫希斯达 奉 玛尔乌克瓦 之名说:这是教人,从 妥拉 里字母的每一笔一画(קוֹץ),都可以讲出成堆成垛(תִּלֵּי תִלִּים)的律来。
论到「他的头像至精的金子,他的头发(קְוֻצּוֹתָיו)厚密累垂(תַּלְתַּלִּים),黑如乌鸦」(雅歌 5:11)一句:拉夫希斯达 奉 玛尔乌克瓦 之名说:这是教人,从 妥拉 里字母的每一笔一画(קוֹץ),都可以讲出成堆成垛(תִּלֵּי תִלִּים)的律来。
With regard to the verse, “His head is as the most fine gold, his locks [kevutzotav] are wavy [taltalim], and black as a raven” (Song of Songs 5:11), Rav Ḥisda said that Mar Ukva said: This teaches that it is possible to expound from each and every stroke [kotz] of the letters in the Torah mounds upon mounds [tilei tilim] of laws.
「黑(שְׁחוֹרוֹת)如乌鸦(עוֹרֵב)」的意思是:妥拉 的话在谁身上寻得着呢?在那——
「黑(שְׁחוֹרוֹת)如乌鸦(עוֹרֵב)」的意思是:妥拉 的话在谁身上寻得着呢?
Black [sheḥorot] as a raven [orev] means: In whom do you find the words of Torah?
在那——
In him