100b.1
解答
那里人不动手也不算犯什么过。至于这里,他多留在树上一刻就多犯一刻,那么他实在当爬下来。
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那里人不动手也不算犯什么过。
where one does not commit a transgression by refraining from action.
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至于这里,他多留在树上一刻就多犯一刻,那么他实在当爬下来。
However, here, where one commits a transgression every additional moment he remains in the tree, indeed, he should descend from it.
100b.2
反驳
革玛拉 引一处看去相碍的:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说,青树与枯树都收在「不可爬树」这一禁之内;另有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 却教说:这话、就是「不可爬树」,是就什么情形说的呢?是就青树说的。至于枯的,爬它倒是许的。
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革玛拉 引一处看去相碍的:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说,青树与枯树都收在「不可爬树」这一禁之内;另有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 却教说:这话、就是「不可爬树」,是就什么情形说的呢?
The Gemara cites an apparent contradiction: It was taught in one baraita that both a green tree and a dry tree are included in the prohibition against climbing a tree, whereas it was taught in another baraita: In what case are these matters, that one may not climb a tree, stated?
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是就青树说的。
With regard to a green tree.
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至于枯的,爬它倒是许的。
But in the case of a dry one, it is permitted to climb it.
100b.3
解答
拉夫犹大 说:这不难。这一条把枯树也收在禁内的 《巴拉伊塔》,讲的是砍了还能从根上发新条的树;那一条把枯树撇在禁外的 《巴拉伊塔》,讲的是根上不再发条的。
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拉夫犹大 说:这不难。
Rav Yehuda said: It is not difficult.
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这一条把枯树也收在禁内的 《巴拉伊塔》,讲的是砍了还能从根上发新条的树;那一条把枯树撇在禁外的 《巴拉伊塔》,讲的是根上不再发条的。
Here, the baraita that includes a dry tree in the prohibition is referring to a tree whose stump sends out new shoots when cut; whereas there, the baraita that excludes a dry tree from the prohibition is referring to one whose stump does not send out new shoots.
100b.4
反驳
革玛拉 就这一答诧异说:根上还能发新条的树,你竟称它作枯的么?那样的树全然不是枯的。倒不如说:这不难,两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是根上再也不发条的枯树。只是这一条许人爬枯树的,讲的是夏天——那时看得出那树已死了;那一条不许人爬的,讲的是雨季——那时许多树都落了叶,谁死谁活并不显然。
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革玛拉 就这一答诧异说:根上还能发新条的树,你竟称它作枯的么?
The Gemara expresses surprise at this answer: You call a tree whose stump sends out new shoots dry?
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那样的树全然不是枯的。
This tree is not dry at all.
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倒不如说:这不难,两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是根上再也不发条的枯树。
Rather, it is not difficult, as both baraitot deal with a dry tree whose stump will not send out any new shoots.
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只是这一条许人爬枯树的,讲的是夏天——那时看得出那树已死了;那一条不许人爬的,讲的是雨季——那时许多树都落了叶,谁死谁活并不显然。
However, here, the baraita that permits climbing a dry tree, is referring to the summer, when it is evident that the tree is dead; whereas there, the baraita that prohibits climbing the tree is referring to the rainy season, when many trees shed their leaves and it is not obvious which remain alive and which are dead.
100b.5
反驳
革玛拉 提一难:夏天那枯树上还留着去年的果子,他一爬就要掉下来,那么爬它也当禁才是,防他去摘那果子。答说:我们这里所讲的是树上并无果子的情形。革玛拉 又问:只是他一爬,那些小枝子就要断落,这又当禁才是,防他去折它们。答说:我们这里所讲的是小枝子已经剥净了的树。
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革玛拉 提一难:夏天那枯树上还留着去年的果子,他一爬就要掉下来,那么爬它也当禁才是,防他去摘那果子。
The Gemara raises a difficulty: In the summer, the fruit of the previous year left on the dry tree will fall off when he climbs it, and climbing the tree should therefore be prohibited lest he come to pick the fruit.
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答说:我们这里所讲的是树上并无果子的情形。
The Gemara answers: We are dealing here with a case where there is no fruit on the tree.
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革玛拉 又问:只是他一爬,那些小枝子就要断落,这又当禁才是,防他去折它们。
The Gemara asks: But small branches will fall off when he climbs the tree, and once again this should be prohibited in case he comes to break them off.
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答说:我们这里所讲的是小枝子已经剥净了的树。
The Gemara answers: We are dealing here with a tree that has already been stripped of all its small branches.
100b.6
反驳
革玛拉 问:果真如此么?只是 拉夫 到了一个名叫 阿普塞塔亚 的地方,连枝子已经剥净的树也不许那里的居民爬。答说:其实那里本无所禁,是 拉夫 见那一带久无防范、如同一片没有篱笆的田,就为它围上篱笆。他是加严一层作防备,把本来许的事禁了。
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革玛拉 问:果真如此么?
The Gemara asks: Is that really so?
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只是 拉夫 到了一个名叫 阿普塞塔亚 的地方,连枝子已经剥净的树也不许那里的居民爬。
But Rav arrived at a place called Apsetaya and prohibited its residents from climbing even a tree that had already been stripped of all its branches.
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答说:其实那里本无所禁,是 拉夫 见那一带久无防范、如同一片没有篱笆的田,就为它围上篱笆。
The Gemara answers: In truth, no prohibition was involved, but Rav found an unguarded field, i.e., a place where transgression was widespread, and fenced it in.
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他是加严一层作防备,把本来许的事禁了。
He added a stringency as a safeguard and prohibited an action that was fundamentally permitted.
100b.7
引证
拉米·巴尔·阿巴 说 拉夫阿西 说:人安息日不可在草上行走,因经上说:「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」(《箴言》十九章二节)。这一节教明:单是行走有时也牵着一样罪,譬如安息日在草上走,或要把所踏的草拔起来。
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拉米·巴尔·阿巴 说 拉夫阿西 说:人安息日不可在草上行走,因经上说:「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」(《箴言》十九章二节)。
Rami bar Abba said that Rav Asi said: It is prohibited for a person to walk on grass on Shabbat, due to the fact that it is stated: “And he who hastens with his feet sins” (Proverbs 19:2).
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这一节教明:单是行走有时也牵着一样罪,譬如安息日在草上走,或要把所踏的草拔起来。
This verse teaches that mere walking occasionally involves a sin, e.g., on Shabbat, when one might uproot the grass on which he walks.
100b.8
反驳
革玛拉 又引一处看去相碍的:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说安息日在草上行走是许的,另有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 却教说是不许的。答说:这不难。这一条讲的是青草——人或要把它拔起来,因而犯了安息日不可收割那一条。那一条讲的是枯草——那已与所生之处断了,收割这一禁便不再行着。
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革玛拉 又引一处看去相碍的:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说安息日在草上行走是许的,另有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 却教说是不许的。
The Gemara cites another apparent contradiction: It was taught in one baraita that it is permitted to walk on grass on Shabbat, and it was taught in another baraita that it is prohibited to do so.
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答说:这不难。
The Gemara answers: This is not difficult.
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这一条讲的是青草——人或要把它拔起来,因而犯了安息日不可收割那一条。
This baraita is referring to green grass, which one might uproot, thereby transgressing the prohibition against reaping on Shabbat.
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那一条讲的是枯草——那已与所生之处断了,收割这一禁便不再行着。
That other baraita is referring to dry grass, which has already been cut off from its source of life, and therefore the prohibition of reaping is no longer in effect.
100b.9
解答
你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是青草,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是夏天,那时草上有籽,或要被脚踢落;那一条许人走的,讲的是雨季,那时并无这一层可虑。
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你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是青草,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是夏天,那时草上有籽,或要被脚踢落;那一条许人走的,讲的是雨季,那时并无这一层可虑。
And if you wish, say instead that both baraitot are referring to green grass, and yet there is no difficulty: Here, the baraita that prohibits walking on grass is referring to the summer, when the grass includes seeds that might be dislodged by one’s feet, whereas there, the baraita that permits doing so is referring to the rainy season, when this problem does not exist.
100b.10
解答
你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是夏天,却仍不难——这一条许人在草上走的,讲的是他穿着鞋;那一条不许的,讲的是他没有穿鞋,因那草或要缠在他脚趾间被拔起来。
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你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是夏天,却仍不难——这一条许人在草上走的,讲的是他穿着鞋;那一条不许的,讲的是他没有穿鞋,因那草或要缠在他脚趾间被拔起来。
And if you wish, say instead that both baraitot are referring to the summer, and it is not difficult: This baraita, which permits walking on grass, is referring to a case where one is wearing his shoes, whereas that other baraita, which prohibits it, deals with a situation where one is not wearing his shoes, as the grass might get entangled between his toes and be uprooted.
100b.11
解答
你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是他穿着鞋,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是他鞋上有钉、那草或要挂在上头被拔起来;那一条许的,讲的是他鞋上没有钉。
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你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是他穿着鞋,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是他鞋上有钉、那草或要挂在上头被拔起来;那一条许的,讲的是他鞋上没有钉。
And if you wish, say instead that both baraitot are referring to a case where one is wearing his shoes, and nevertheless this is not difficult: This baraita prohibits walking on grass, as it involves a case where one’s shoe has a spike on which the grass might get caught and be uprooted, whereas that other baraita permits it, because it deals a case where one’s shoe does not have a spike.
100b.12
解答
你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是鞋上有钉的,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是那草长而纠结、容易挂在鞋上;那一条讲的是那草并不长、也不纠结。
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你若愿意,也可以说:两条 《巴拉伊塔》 讲的都是鞋上有钉的,却仍不难——这一条不许人在草上走的,讲的是那草长而纠结、容易挂在鞋上;那一条讲的是那草并不长、也不纠结。
And if you wish, say instead that both are referring to a case where the shoe has a spike, and it is not difficult: This baraita, which prohibits walking on grass, is referring to a case where the grass is long and entangled, and it can easily get caught on the shoe, whereas that other baraita is referring to a case where the grass is not long and entangled.
100b.13
解答
革玛拉 断说:如今我们既执定 哈拉哈 依 拉比西缅 的意思——他执定人行一件许作之事、无心中带出一样禁事来,是不算有罪的——那么上头这几样情形就都许了;因这里也是一样:人的心意不过是要走路,并不是要在安息日拔草。
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革玛拉 断说:如今我们既执定 哈拉哈 依 拉比西缅 的意思——他执定人行一件许作之事、无心中带出一样禁事来,是不算有罪的——那么上头这几样情形就都许了;因这里也是一样:人的心意不过是要走路,并不是要在安息日拔草。
The Gemara concludes: And now, when we maintain that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Shimon, who maintains that there is no liability for a prohibited act committed unwittingly during the performance of a permitted act, all of these scenarios are permitted, as here too, one’s intention is merely to walk and not to uproot grass on Shabbat.
100b.14
引证
革玛拉 就上头所引那一节,再引一条 哈拉哈。拉米·巴尔·哈马 说 拉夫阿西 说:人不可强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分,因经上说:「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」(《箴言》十九章二节)。「脚步」二字在这里是就房事而言的隐语。
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革玛拉 就上头所引那一节,再引一条 哈拉哈。
The Gemara cites another halakha derived from the verse mentioned in the previous discussion.
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拉米·巴尔·哈马 说 拉夫阿西 说:人不可强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分,因经上说:「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」(《箴言》十九章二节)。
Rami bar Ḥama said that Rav Asi said: It is prohibited for a man to force his wife in the conjugal mitzva, i.e., sexual relations, as it is stated: “And he who hastens with his feet sins” (Proverbs 19:2).
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「脚步」二字在这里是就房事而言的隐语。
The term his feet is understood here as a euphemism for intercourse.
100b.15
引证
而 拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:凡强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分的,必得不肖之子。拉夫伊卡·巴尔·希纳纳 说:暗指这一层的是哪一节呢?是「心无知识的,乃为不善」(《箴言》十九章二节)。房事若不是那妇人所知、所愿的,所生的心也不得好。
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而 拉比约书亚·本·利未 说:凡强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分的,必得不肖之子。
And Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: Anyone who forces his wife to perform the conjugal mitzva will have unworthy children as a consequence.
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拉夫伊卡·巴尔·希纳纳 说:暗指这一层的是哪一节呢?
Rav Ika bar Ḥinnana said: What is the verse that alludes to this?
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是「心无知识的,乃为不善」(《箴言》十九章二节)。
“Also, that the soul without knowledge is not good” (Proverbs 19:2).
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房事若不是那妇人所知、所愿的,所生的心也不得好。
If intercourse takes place without the woman’s knowledge, i.e., consent, the soul of the offspring will not be good.
100b.16
引证
有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 也是这样教的:「心无知识的,乃为不善」——这是指强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分的人。「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」——这是指与妻同房、又再行一次、以致她受苦难堪的人。
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有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 也是这样教的:「心无知识的,乃为不善」——这是指强逼自己的妻行夫妻之分的人。
That was also taught in a baraita: “Also, without knowledge the soul is not good”; this is one who forces his wife to perform the conjugal mitzva.
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「脚步急快的,难免犯罪」——这是指与妻同房、又再行一次、以致她受苦难堪的人。
“And he who hastens with his feet sins”; this is one who has intercourse with his wife and repeats the act in a manner that causes her pain or distress.
100b.17
反驳
革玛拉 就这一条教训诧异说:果真如此么?只是 拉瓦 岂不是说过:人若愿自己的儿女都是男的,就当与妻同房、又再行一次?答说:这不难——拉瓦 出这一策,讲的是丈夫得着妻子的愿意。那一条 《巴拉伊塔》 责这一样行事的,讲的是他不得她的愿意就行。
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革玛拉 就这一条教训诧异说:果真如此么?
The Gemara is surprised by this teaching: Is that so?
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只是 拉瓦 岂不是说过:人若愿自己的儿女都是男的,就当与妻同房、又再行一次?
But didn’t Rava say: One who wants all his children to be males should have intercourse with his wife and repeat the act?
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答说:这不难——拉瓦 出这一策,讲的是丈夫得着妻子的愿意。
The Gemara answers: This is not difficult: Here, where Rava issued this advice, he was referring to a husband who acts with his wife’s consent.
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那一条 《巴拉伊塔》 责这一样行事的,讲的是他不得她的愿意就行。
There, the baraita that condemns this behavior is referring to one who proceeds without her consent.
100b.18
引证
既论到夫妻之事,革玛拉 就引 拉夫撒母耳·巴尔·纳赫马尼 说 拉比约哈难 说的:凡妇人求自己的丈夫尽夫妻之分的,所生的儿子连摩西那一代也没有过。论摩西那一代,经上写着:「你们要按着各支派选举有智慧、有见识、为众人所认识的,我立他们为你们的首领」(《申命记》一章十三节);后头又写着:「我便将你们各支派的首领,有智慧、为众人所认识的,立他们为你们的首领」(《申命记》一章十五节)。只是有见识的人——那比有智慧更高一层——摩西一个也寻不着。
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既论到夫妻之事,革玛拉 就引 拉夫撒母耳·巴尔·纳赫马尼 说 拉比约哈难 说的:凡妇人求自己的丈夫尽夫妻之分的,所生的儿子连摩西那一代也没有过。
Apropos relations between husband and wife, the Gemara cites that Rav Shmuel bar Naḥmani said that Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Any woman who demands of her husband that he fulfill his conjugal mitzva will have sons the likes of whom did not exist even in Moses’ generation.
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论摩西那一代,经上写着:「你们要按着各支派选举有智慧、有见识、为众人所认识的,我立他们为你们的首领」(《申命记》一章十三节);后头又写着:「我便将你们各支派的首领,有智慧、为众人所认识的,立他们为你们的首领」(《申命记》一章十五节)。
With regard to Moses’ generation, it is written: “Get you, wise men, and understanding, and well-known from each one of your tribes, and I will make them head over you” (Deuteronomy 1:13), and it is later written: “So I took the heads of your tribes, wise men, and well-known, and made them heads over you” (Deuteronomy 1:15).
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只是有见识的人——那比有智慧更高一层——摩西一个也寻不着。
However, men possessing understanding, which is a more lofty quality than wisdom, Moses could not find any of these.
100b.19
引证
论到利亚,经上却写着:「利亚便出来迎接他,说:你要与我同寝,因为我实在用我儿子的风茄把你雇下了」(《创世记》三十章十六节)。她求雅各尽夫妻之分所得的赏,就是生了 以萨迦;经上写着:「以萨迦子孙中,有二百族长都通达时务,知道以色列人所当行的;他们族弟兄都听从他们的命令」(《历代志上》十二章三十三节)。
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论到利亚,经上却写着:「利亚便出来迎接他,说:你要与我同寝,因为我实在用我儿子的风茄把你雇下了」(《创世记》三十章十六节)。
While with regard to Leah, it is written: “And Leah went out to meet him, and said, You must come in to me, for indeed I have hired you with my son’s mandrakes” (Genesis 30:16).
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她求雅各尽夫妻之分所得的赏,就是生了 以萨迦;经上写着:「以萨迦子孙中,有二百族长都通达时务,知道以色列人所当行的;他们族弟兄都听从他们的命令」(《历代志上》十二章三十三节)。
Her reward for demanding that Jacob fulfill the conjugal mitzva with her was the birth of Issachar, and it is written: “And of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do; the heads of them were two hundred, and all their brethren were at their commandment” (I Chronicles 12:33).
100b.20
反驳
革玛拉 提一问:果真如此么?妇人向丈夫求自己应得的分,是合宜的么?只是 拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 岂不是说过:夏娃 因分别善恶树那一罪受了十样咒诅,因经上写着:「又对女人说:我必多多加增你怀胎的苦楚,你生产儿女必多受苦楚。你必恋慕你丈夫,你丈夫必管辖你」(《创世记》三章十六节)?
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革玛拉 提一问:果真如此么?
The Gemara poses a question: Is that so?
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妇人向丈夫求自己应得的分,是合宜的么?
Is it proper for a woman to demand her conjugal rights from her husband?
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只是 拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 岂不是说过:夏娃 因分别善恶树那一罪受了十样咒诅,因经上写着:「又对女人说:我必多多加增你怀胎的苦楚,你生产儿女必多受苦楚。你必恋慕你丈夫,你丈夫必管辖你」(《创世记》三章十六节)?
But didn’t Rav Yitzḥak bar Avdimi say: Eve was cursed with ten curses, due to the sin of the Tree of Knowledge, as it is written: “To the woman He said, I will greatly multiply your pain and your travail; in sorrow you shall bring forth children; and yet your desire shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you” (Genesis 3:16)?
100b.21
引证
拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 接着解这一节。「又对女人说:我必多多加增」——原文作 多多加增,是同一个动词叠说;这指妇人身上那两样血,是使她受苦的:一样是月经之血,一样是元贞之血。「你怀胎的苦楚」——这是养育儿女之苦。「你生产儿女必多受苦楚」的上一层——这是怀胎之苦。「你生产儿女必多受苦楚」——照字面讲,就是生产之苦。
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拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 接着解这一节。
Rav Yitzḥak bar Avdimi proceeds to explain this verse.
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「又对女人说:我必多多加增」——原文作 多多加增,是同一个动词叠说;这指妇人身上那两样血,是使她受苦的:一样是月经之血,一样是元贞之血。
“To the woman He said: I will greatly multiply [harba arbe]”; these are the two drops of blood unique to a woman, which cause her suffering, one the blood of menstruation and the other one the blood of virginity.
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「你怀胎的苦楚」——这是养育儿女之苦。
“Your pain”; this is the pain of raising children.
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「你生产儿女必多受苦楚」的上一层——这是怀胎之苦。
“And your travail”; this is the pain of pregnancy.
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「你生产儿女必多受苦楚」——照字面讲,就是生产之苦。
“In sorrow you shall bring forth children”; in accordance with its plain meaning, i.e., the pain of childbirth.
100b.22
引证
「你必恋慕你丈夫」——这是教明妇人恋慕自己的丈夫,譬如他要出门上路的时候;「你丈夫必管辖你」——这是教明妇人求丈夫是在心里求,羞于把自己所愿的说出口,男子求妻却是开口说的。拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 又说:这在妇人身上是一样好德行,就是她们不把自己所愿的说出口。这样看来,妇人向丈夫求自己应得的分,倒是不合宜的。
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「你必恋慕你丈夫」——这是教明妇人恋慕自己的丈夫,譬如他要出门上路的时候;「你丈夫必管辖你」——这是教明妇人求丈夫是在心里求,羞于把自己所愿的说出口,男子求妻却是开口说的。
“And yet your desire shall be to your husband” teaches that the woman desires her husband, e.g., when he sets out on the road; “and he shall rule over you” teaches that the woman demands her husband in her heart but is too shy to voice her desire, but the man demands his wife verbally.
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拉夫以撒·巴尔·阿夫迪米 又说:这在妇人身上是一样好德行,就是她们不把自己所愿的说出口。
Rav Yitzḥak bar Avdimi adds: This is a good trait in women, that they refrain from formulating their desire verbally.
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这样看来,妇人向丈夫求自己应得的分,倒是不合宜的。
Apparently, it is improper for a woman to demand her conjugal rights from her husband.
100b.23
解答
革玛拉 答说:我们说妇人求自己应得的分是可称的,并不是说她当把所愿的明明说出来。倒是说她当使自己在他眼前可悦,他自己就明白她所要的了。
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革玛拉 答说:我们说妇人求自己应得的分是可称的,并不是说她当把所愿的明明说出来。
The Gemara answers: When we say that a woman who demands her conjugal rights from her husband is praiseworthy, it does not mean she should voice her desires explicitly.
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倒是说她当使自己在他眼前可悦,他自己就明白她所要的了。
Rather, it means that she should make herself pleasing to him, and he will understand what she wants on his own.
100b.24
提问
革玛拉 究问上头论 夏娃 十样咒诅那一句:果然有十样么?只有七样罢了。拉夫迪米 从 以色列地 来到巴比伦的时候说:其余几样是——妇人像居丧的人一样裹着头,就是须蒙头;又被隔在众人之外;又如同关在牢里,因她素常总在家中。
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革玛拉 究问上头论 夏娃 十样咒诅那一句:果然有十样么?
The Gemara analyzes the above statement with regard to Eve’s ten curses: Are they in fact ten?
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只有七样罢了。
They are only seven.
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拉夫迪米 从 以色列地 来到巴比伦的时候说:其余几样是——妇人像居丧的人一样裹着头,就是须蒙头;又被隔在众人之外;又如同关在牢里,因她素常总在家中。
When Rav Dimi came from Eretz Yisrael to Babylonia, he said that the other curses are: A woman is wrapped like a mourner, i.e., she must cover her head; and she is ostracized from all people and incarcerated within a prison, as she typically spends all her time in the house.
100b.25
提问
革玛拉 问:「被隔在众人之外」是什么意思呢?你若说这是因她不可与男子独处,那么男子与妇人独处也是不许的。倒不如说:那是说她不可嫁两个丈夫,男子却娶得两个妻。
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革玛拉 问:「被隔在众人之外」是什么意思呢?
The Gemara asks: What is the meaning of ostracized from all people?
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你若说这是因她不可与男子独处,那么男子与妇人独处也是不许的。
If you say this is because it is forbidden for her to seclude herself with a man, it is also forbidden for a man to seclude himself with women.
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倒不如说:那是说她不可嫁两个丈夫,男子却娶得两个妻。
Rather, it means that it is forbidden for her to marry two men, whereas a man can marry two women.
100b.26
引证
有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说,另外三样咒诅是:她像 莉莉丝 那样蓄着长发;她蹲着小解,如同牲畜一样;行房时又在丈夫底下。
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有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说,另外三样咒诅是:她像 莉莉丝 那样蓄着长发;她蹲着小解,如同牲畜一样;行房时又在丈夫底下。
It was taught in a baraita that the three additional curses are: She grows her hair long like Lilit, a demon; she sits and urinates, like an animal; and serves as a pillow for her husband during relations.
100b.27
解答
那么另一位贤者何以不把这几样算在内呢?答说:他执定这几样于妇人是可称的、不是苦楚:或因那是端庄的举止,譬如蹲着小解;或因那于她更安适,譬如行房时在下的那一层。
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那么另一位贤者何以不把这几样算在内呢?
And why doesn’t the other Sage include these curses?
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答说:他执定这几样于妇人是可称的、不是苦楚:或因那是端庄的举止,譬如蹲着小解;或因那于她更安适,譬如行房时在下的那一层。
The Gemara answers: He maintains that these are praise for her, not pain, either because they are modest practices, e.g., urinating in a seated position, or because they add to her comfort, e.g., her bottom position during relations.
100b.28
引证
因为 拉比希亚 说:经上写着「教训我们胜于地上的走兽,使我们有聪明胜于空中的飞鸟」(《约伯记》三十五章十一节),是什么意思呢?他解说:「教训我们胜于地上的走兽」——这是指母骡,它蹲着小解,我们从它学得端庄。「使我们有聪明胜于空中的飞鸟」——这是指公鸡,它先向母鸡温存,然后才与它相配。
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因为 拉比希亚 说:经上写着「教训我们胜于地上的走兽,使我们有聪明胜于空中的飞鸟」(《约伯记》三十五章十一节),是什么意思呢?
As Rabbi Ḥiyya said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “Who teaches us by the beasts of the earth, and makes us wiser by the birds of the sky” (Job 35:11)?
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他解说:「教训我们胜于地上的走兽」——这是指母骡,它蹲着小解,我们从它学得端庄。
He explains: “Who teaches us by the beasts of the earth”; this is the female mule, which crouches and urinates and from which we learn modesty.
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「使我们有聪明胜于空中的飞鸟」——这是指公鸡,它先向母鸡温存,然后才与它相配。
“And makes us wiser by the birds of the sky”; this is the rooster, which first cajoles the hen and then mates with it.
100b.29
引证
照样,拉比约哈难 说:妥拉 纵没有赐下来,我们也可以从猫学得端庄——它把自己的粪掩盖起来;从蚂蚁学得偷窃可厌——它不取别的蚂蚁的粮;从鸽子学得不可行淫——它对自己的配偶有信;从公鸡学得正当的夫妻之道——它先讨母鸡的欢心,然后才与它相配。
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照样,拉比约哈难 说:妥拉 纵没有赐下来,我们也可以从猫学得端庄——它把自己的粪掩盖起来;从蚂蚁学得偷窃可厌——它不取别的蚂蚁的粮;从鸽子学得不可行淫——它对自己的配偶有信;从公鸡学得正当的夫妻之道——它先讨母鸡的欢心,然后才与它相配。
Similarly, Rabbi Yoḥanan said: Even if the Torah had not been given, we would nonetheless have learned modesty from the cat, which covers its excrement, and that stealing is objectionable from the ant, which does not take grain from another ant, and forbidden relations from the dove, which is faithful to its partner, and proper relations from the rooster, which first appeases the hen and then mates with it.
100b.30
引证
公鸡是怎样讨母鸡欢心的呢?拉夫犹大 说 拉夫 说:将要相配以先,它张开翅膀,像是说:我要给你买一件长到脚面的袍子。相配之后,它把头低下来,像是说:这公鸡的冠子若掉了才好——他若有那力量而不给你买。我实在没有钱办这一件。
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公鸡是怎样讨母鸡欢心的呢?
What does the rooster do to appease the hen?
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拉夫犹大 说 拉夫 说:将要相配以先,它张开翅膀,像是说:我要给你买一件长到脚面的袍子。
Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: Prior to mating, it spreads its wings as if to say this: I will buy you a coat that will reach down to your feet.
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相配之后,它把头低下来,像是说:这公鸡的冠子若掉了才好——他若有那力量而不给你买。
After mating, the rooster bends its head as if to say this: May the crest of this rooster fall off if he has the wherewithal and does not buy you one.
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我实在没有钱办这一件。
I simply have no money to do so.