43a.1
引证
(接上面未完的一句)——身子已长成、年岁未及的女子,并要除毛妆饰的妇人:穷家的女儿抹石灰,富家的女儿抹细面,王家的女儿抹 没药油,正如经上所说「他们洁净身体的日子满了十二个月:六个月用 没药油」(以斯帖记 2:12)。
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——就是那身子已长成、年岁却未及的女子,并那要除毛妆饰的妇人:穷家的女儿给她抹石灰,富家的女儿给她抹细面,王家的女儿给她抹 没药油,正如经上所说:「他们洁净身体的日子满了十二个月:六个月用 没药油」(以斯帖记 2:12)。
who reached physical maturity, but had not yet reached the age of majority, and women who sought to remove hair for cosmetic purposes: They would smear daughters of the poor with lime; they would smear daughters of the wealthy with fine flour; they would smear daughters of kings with shemen hamor, as it was stated: “For so were the days of their anointing filled, six months with shemen hamor” (Esther 2:12).
43a.2
提问
革玛拉问:没药油 是什么?拉夫胡纳·巴尔·希亚 说:是 斯塔克特。拉夫耶利米·巴尔·阿巴 说:是未长到三分之一的橄榄所榨的油——那油带酸,能去毛。
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革玛拉问:没药油 是什么呢?
The Gemara asks: What is shemen hamor?
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拉夫胡纳·巴尔·希亚 说:是 斯塔克特。
Rav Huna bar Ḥiyya said: Setaket.
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拉夫耶利米·巴尔·阿巴 说:是未长到三分之一的橄榄所榨的油;那油带酸,去毛正好。
Rav Yirmeya bar Abba said: It is olive oil extracted from an olive that has not yet reached a third of its growth; the acidic oil is effective as a depilatory.
43a.3
引证
一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:拉比犹大 说,安皮克宁 是未长到三分之一的橄榄所榨的油。何以抹在身上呢?因它去毛,又能润肤。
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一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:拉比犹大 说,安皮克宁 是未长到三分之一的橄榄所榨的油。
It was taught in a baraita: Rabbi Yehuda says that anpiknin is olive oil from an olive that has not reached a third of its growth.
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何以把它抹在身上呢?
And why is it spread on the body?
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因它去毛,又能润肤。
It is due to the fact that it removes [mashir] the hair and pampers the skin.
43a.4
提问
密释纳说:其通则是,凡五谷所出之物,逾越节里存着便犯这几条禁。一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:拉比约书亚 说,我们既已学得「凡五谷所出之物,逾越节里存着便犯酵禁」,众贤何必把那几样一一列出来呢——单说这通则岂不就是了?那 《巴拉伊塔》 解说:众贤所以把这几样禁物列出来,是要人熟识这几样并它们的名目,好叫众人都知道这几样里带着些五谷。
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密释纳说:其通则是——凡五谷所出之物,逾越节里存着便犯这几条禁。
The mishna states: This is the principle: One violates these prohibitions on Passover with anything that is prepared from a type of grain.
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一条 《巴拉伊塔》 教说:拉比约书亚 说,我们既已学得「凡五谷所出之物,逾越节里存着便犯酵禁」,众贤何必把那几样一一列出来呢?
It was taught in a baraita that Rabbi Yehoshua said: Now that we learned that by possessing anything that is a type of grain one violates the prohibition against leaven during Passover, why did the Sages list these items individually?
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他们单说这一条通则岂不就是了。
They could have simply stated the principle.
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那 《巴拉伊塔》 解说:众贤所以把这几样禁物一一列出,是要人熟识这几样并它们的名目,好叫众人都知道这几样里带着些五谷。
The baraita explains that the Sages provided a list of prohibited foods so that one would become familiar with these items and with their names, so that it would become widely known that these foods contain a small quantity of grain.
43a.5
引证
革玛拉记一事,见得熟识名目要紧:有一个从西边、就是以色列地来的人到巴比伦,身边带着肉,对主人家说:拿一样蘸的来,我好就着饼吃。他听见他们说:给他拿 库塔酱 来。一听见 库塔酱 这名,他就不吃了,因他知道 库塔酱 里掺着奶,不可与肉同吃。这一件正见得:人熟识各样吃食的名目与所用之料是有益的,纵认不出那物,也知道它是什么。
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革玛拉记一事,见得熟识名目是要紧的:有一个从西边、就是以色列地来的人到了巴比伦,身边带着肉,对主人家说:拿一样蘸的来,我好就着饼吃。
The Gemara cites an incident that underscores the significance of familiarity with the names of foods: As in this case of that man from the West, Eretz Yisrael, who visited Babylonia, and had meat with him, he said to his hosts: Bring me a dip with which to eat my bread.
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他听见他们说:给他拿 库塔酱 来。
He heard them saying: Bring him kutaḥ.
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他一听见 库塔酱 这名,就不吃了,因他知道 库塔酱 里掺着奶,不可与肉同吃。
Since he heard the word kutaḥ, he stopped eating, as he knew that kutaḥ contains milk and may not be eaten with meat.
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这一件正见得:人熟识各样吃食的名目与所用之料是有益的,纵认不出那物,也知道它是怎样一样东西。
This incident underscores that it is advantageous for one to familiarize himself with the names and ingredients of different foods, so that he will be aware of the nature of the food even if he does not recognize it.
43a.6
引密释纳
密释纳里说:这几样都在那一条禁之内,却不至于受 剪除。
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密释纳里说:这几样都在那一条禁之内,却不至于受 剪除。
It is stated in the mishna: These substances are included in the prohibition but are not punishable by karet.
43a.7
提问
革玛拉问:哪一位 坦拿 以为「掺在别物里的十足酵饼」与「纯而未掺、已硬得不宜吃的酵头」两样都在禁内呢?
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革玛拉问:哪一位 坦拿 以为这两样都在一条禁之内——一样是掺在别物里的十足酵饼,一样是纯而未掺、已硬得不宜吃的酵头?
The Gemara asks: Who is the tanna who maintains that both full-fledged, leavened grain bread in a mixture, and hardened leaven, in its pure, unadulterated form, which is not suitable for consumption, are both included in a prohibition?
43a.8
解答
革玛拉答:拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 说,那是 拉比梅伊尔 的意思,正如一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教:正发着的面团(就是刚起头发酵、眼下还是硬酵头的),当烧掉,或给自己的狗吃;吃了它的,受四十鞭。
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革玛拉答:拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 说,那是 拉比梅伊尔 的意思,正如一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教——正发着的面团,就是刚起头发酵、眼下还是硬酵头的,当把它烧掉,或是给自己的狗吃。
The Gemara answers that Rav Yehuda said that Rav said: It is the opinion of Rabbi Meir, as it was taught in a baraita: Leavening dough, i.e., dough that is at the beginning of the leavening process and is presently hardened leaven, must be burned, or one gives it to his dog.
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吃了它的,受四十鞭。
And one who eats it is flogged with forty lashes.
43a.9
提问
革玛拉先不论这条 《巴拉伊塔》 的内容,倒先理它自相违之处:这条 《巴拉伊塔》 本身就难。你说正发着的面团当烧掉,可见硬酵头是不许得益处的;随后又教「或给自己的狗吃」,可见那酵是许得益处的。
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革玛拉先不论这条 《巴拉伊塔》 的内容,倒先理它自相违之处。
Before analyzing the contents of the baraita, the Gemara addresses an apparent contradiction within the baraita.
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这条 《巴拉伊塔》 本身就难。
This baraita itself is difficult.
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你说正发着的面团当烧掉,可见硬酵头是不许人得益处的。
You said that leavening dough must be burned; apparently it is prohibited to derive benefit from hardened leaven.
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随后又教「或是给自己的狗吃」,可见那酵是许人得益处的。
And then it teaches: Or one gives it to his dog; apparently, it is permitted to derive benefit from the leaven.
43a.10
解答
革玛拉答:这条 《巴拉伊塔》 的意思是——「正发着的面团当烧掉」,说的是照 拉比梅伊尔 所定的那一等(他以为这一等已是十足的酵);或说是照 拉比犹大 所定的那一等(他以为这一等不许得益处)。两位各按自己所定的界,都说那一等不许得益处。至于「或给自己的狗吃」一句,说的是照 拉比梅伊尔 所定的那一等——那在 拉比犹大 眼里不过是硬酵头,故可以喂狗;拉比犹大 以为这一等酵是许得益处的。
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革玛拉答:这条 《巴拉伊塔》 的意思是——「正发着的面团当烧掉」,说的是照 拉比梅伊尔 所定的那一等正发着的面团,因他以为这一等已是十足的酵。
The Gemara answers that this is what the baraita is saying: Leavening dough must be burned, i.e., leavening dough as defined by Rabbi Meir must be burned in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Meir, who maintains that leavening dough is full-fledged leaven.
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或者这一句也可解作:说的是照 拉比犹大 所定的那一等,因他以为这一等不许人得益处。
Alternatively, the baraita may be explained as referring to leavening dough as defined by Rabbi Yehuda, in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Yehuda that it is prohibited to derive benefit from leavening dough.
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两位 坦拿 各按自己所定的界,都说凡归在「正发着的面团」里的,都不许得益处。
Each tanna maintains that it is prohibited to derive benefit from any dough classified as leavening dough by his definition.
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至于那 《巴拉伊塔》 说「或是给自己的狗吃」,说的是照 拉比梅伊尔 所定的那一等——那在 拉比犹大 眼里不过是硬酵头,故可以拿去喂狗。
When the baraita says that one gives it to his dog, it means: Leavening dough as defined by Rabbi Meir, is only hardened leaven according to Rabbi Yehuda, and therefore one may feed it to his dog.
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拉比犹大 以为这一等酵是许人得益处的。
Rabbi Yehuda maintains that it is permitted to derive benefit from this type of leaven.
43a.11
推论
至于那 《巴拉伊塔》 末一句「吃了正发着的面团的受四十鞭」,我们便又回到 拉比梅伊尔 的意思上去了:照 拉比犹大 说这一等酵是许得益处的,拉比梅伊尔 却以为吃了它的当受四十鞭。
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至于那 《巴拉伊塔》 末一句——吃了正发着的面团的受四十鞭——我们便又回到 拉比梅伊尔 的意思上去了。
With regard to the final statement of the baraita, that one who eats leavening dough is flogged with forty lashes, we have once again arrived at the opinion of Rabbi Meir.
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照 拉比犹大 说,这一等酵是许人得益处的;拉比梅伊尔 却以为吃了它的当受四十鞭。
Rabbi Meir holds that one who eats this leavening dough, from which it is permitted to derive benefit according to Rabbi Yehuda, is flogged with forty lashes.
43a.12
推论
照这样解那条 《巴拉伊塔》,我们便学得:拉比梅伊尔 以为纯而未掺的硬酵头也在一条禁之内,吃了它的当受鞭;那么掺在别物里的十足酵饼,岂不更当受鞭么——他虽不是单吃那酵,也不至于 剪除,可逾越节里不可吃酵那一条禁,于这一件仍是管用的。
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照这样解那条 《巴拉伊塔》,我们便学得:拉比梅伊尔 以为纯而未掺的硬酵头也在一条禁之内,吃了这酵的当受鞭责。
According to this explanation of the baraita, we have learned that Rabbi Meir maintains that hardened leaven in its pure, unadulterated form, is included in a prohibition, and one who eats this leaven is flogged.
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那么吃了掺在别物里的十足酵饼的,岂不更当受鞭么?他既不是单吃那酵,便不至于受 剪除。
And all the more so, one who eats full-fledged, leavened grain bread in a mixture is flogged but does not receive karet, as he is not eating the leaven in and of itself.
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纵然如此,逾越节里不可吃酵的那一条禁,于这一件仍是管用的。
Nevertheless, the prohibition against eating leavened bread on Passover applies in that case.
43a.13
解答
拉夫纳赫曼 说:这密释纳是 拉比以利以谢 的意思,正如一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教——吃十足的酵饼当受 剪除,吃掺了酵之物的不过犯了一条禁。这是 拉比以利以谢 的话。众拉比说:吃十足的酵饼当受 剪除;至于吃掺在别物里的酵,一概不罚。我们所学的既是照 拉比以利以谢——他说掺在别物里的十足酵饼也在一条禁之内——那么纯而未掺的硬酵头,更不必说了。
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拉夫纳赫曼 说:这一段密释纳是 拉比以利以谢 的意思,正如一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教——吃十足酵饼的当受 剪除;至于吃那掺了酵之物的,不过犯了一条禁罢了。
Rav Naḥman said: The mishna is in accordance with the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer, as it was taught in a baraita: For eating full-fledged, leavened grain bread one is punishable by karet, whereas for eating a mixture that contains leaven one is punished merely for violating a prohibition.
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这是 拉比以利以谢 的话。
This is the statement of Rabbi Eliezer.
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众拉比说:吃十足酵饼的当受 剪除;至于吃那掺在别物里的酵,一概不罚。
And the Rabbis say: For eating full-fledged, leavened grain bread one is punishable by karet; however, for eating leaven in its mixture one is not punished at all.
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我们所学的既是照 拉比以利以谢——他说掺在别物里的十足酵饼也在一条禁之内——那么纯而未掺的硬酵头,更不必说了。
And we learned according to Rabbi Eliezer, who said that full-fledged, leavened grain bread in a mixture is included in a prohibition, and that is true all the more so with regard to hardened leaven in its pure, unadulterated form.
43a.14
提问
革玛拉问:拉夫纳赫曼 何以不照 拉夫犹大 所解的说、把这密释纳定作 拉比梅伊尔 的意思呢?
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革玛拉问:拉夫纳赫曼 何以不照 拉夫犹大 所解的说、把这密释纳定作 拉比梅伊尔 的意思呢?
The Gemara asks: And what is the reason that Rav Naḥman did not state his opinion in accordance with the explanation of Rav Yehuda, that the mishna is in accordance with Rabbi Meir’s ruling?
43a.15
解答
革玛拉答:拉夫纳赫曼 可以这样回你——或者 拉比梅伊尔 单在那一件上、就是纯而未掺的硬酵头上这样说;至于掺在别物里的十足酵饼,不然:那一等所受的不是单单鞭责,乃是 剪除。
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革玛拉答:拉夫纳赫曼 可以这样回你,其分在此——或者 拉比梅伊尔 单在那一件上、就是纯而未掺的硬酵头上这样说;至于掺在别物里的十足酵饼,不然:那一等所受的不是单单鞭责,乃是 剪除。
The Gemara answers that Rav Naḥman could have said to you that the following distinction applies: Perhaps Rabbi Meir stated his opinion only there, with regard to hardened leaven in its pure, unadulterated form; however, with regard to full-fledged, leavened grain bread in a mixture, no, one is punished not with mere lashes but with karet.
43a.16
提问
革玛拉问:那么 拉夫犹大 何以不照 拉夫纳赫曼 所解的说、把这密释纳定作 拉比以利以谢 的意思呢?
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革玛拉问:那么 拉夫犹大 何以不照 拉夫纳赫曼 所解的说、把这密释纳定作 拉比以利以谢 的意思呢?
The Gemara asks: And what is the reason that Rav Yehuda did not state his opinion in accordance with the explanation of Rav Naḥman, that the mishna is in accordance with Rabbi Eliezer’s ruling?
43a.17
解答
革玛拉答:拉夫犹大 可以这样回你——拉比以利以谢 单在那一件上、就是掺在别物里的十足酵饼上说它在禁内;至于纯而未掺的硬酵头,他并不曾判过,或者他以为那一等是许吃的。
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革玛拉答:拉夫犹大 可以这样回你——拉比以利以谢 单在那一件上、就是掺在别物里的十足酵饼上,说它在这一条禁之内。
The Gemara answers that Rav Yehuda could have said to you: Rabbi Eliezer stated his opinion only there, with regard to full-fledged, leavened grain bread in a mixture that it is included in the prohibition.
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至于纯而未掺的硬酵头,他并不曾判过;或者 拉比以利以谢 以为那一等硬酵头是许吃的。
However, with regard to hardened leaven in its pure, unadulterated form, he did not state his ruling and perhaps Rabbi Eliezer maintains that it is permitted to eat hardened leaven.
43a.18
引证
革玛拉说:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 正合 拉夫犹大 所说——他说 哈拉哈 依 拉比梅伊尔。经上说「有酵的物,你们都不可吃;在你们一切住处要吃无酵饼」(出埃及记 12:20)。众贤教:这一节是要把巴比伦的 库塔酱、玛代的啤酒、以东的醋、埃及的 齐托姆 都收进来。我本可以为,吃这几样里的哪一样都当受 剪除;故经上说「凡吃有酵之物的……必从以色列中剪除」(出埃及记 12:15),众贤由此断:吃十足酵饼的当受 剪除,吃它掺在别物里的不过犯了一条禁。
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革玛拉说:有一条 《巴拉伊塔》 正合 拉夫犹大 所说的——他说这条 哈拉哈 依 拉比梅伊尔。经上说:「有酵的物,你们都不可吃;在你们一切住处要吃 无酵饼」(出埃及记 12:20)。
The Gemara notes that it was taught in a baraita in accordance with the opinion of Rav Yehuda, who said that the halakha is in accordance with Rabbi Meir’s opinion: “You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat matzot” (Exodus 12:20).
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众贤教:这一节是要把巴比伦的 库塔酱、玛代的啤酒、以东的醋、并埃及的 齐托姆 都收进来。
The Sages taught: This verse comes to include Babylonian kutaḥ, Median beer, Edomite vinegar, and Egyptian zitom.
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我本可以为,人吃这几样里的哪一样都当受 剪除。
I might have thought that one who eats any of these items will be punishable by karet.
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故经上说:「凡吃有酵之物的……那人必从以色列中剪除」(出埃及记 12:15);众贤由此断:吃十足酵饼的当受 剪除,吃它掺在别物里的,不过犯了一条禁。
Therefore, the verse states: “For whoever eats leavened bread…that soul shall be cut off from Israel” (Exodus 12:15), from which the Sages derived: For eating full-fledged, leavened grain bread one is punished with karet, but for eating its mixture one is only in violation of a prohibition.
43a.19
推论
革玛拉理这一句:你从谁听来「吃掺了酵之物的犯了一条禁」这一说呢?是 拉比以利以谢。可这条 《巴拉伊塔》 并不出纯而未掺的硬酵头那一条 哈拉哈——它所列的都是掺了酵之物,并没有那几样分位如硬酵头的(汁水、揉透的面团、胶)。由此当断出:拉比以利以谢 并不以硬酵头为禁。
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革玛拉理这一句:你从谁听来「吃掺了酵之物的犯了一条禁」这一说呢?
The Gemara analyzes the above statement: Whom did you hear that said that for eating a mixture which contains leaven one is in violation of a prohibition?
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是 拉比以利以谢。
It is Rabbi Eliezer.
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可这条 《巴拉伊塔》 并不出纯而未掺的硬酵头那一条 哈拉哈。
However, the baraita is not stating the halakha of hardened leaven in its pure, unadulterated form.
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它所列的都是掺了酵之物,并没有那几样分位如硬酵头的,譬如汁水、揉透的面团与胶。
This baraita lists only items that contain leaven in a mixture, but not other substances whose legal status is that of hardened leaven, e.g., broth, worked dough, and glue.
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由此当断出:拉比以利以谢 并不以硬酵头为禁。
Learn from this that Rabbi Eliezer is not of the opinion that hardened leaven is prohibited.
43a.20
提问
革玛拉问:那么 拉比以利以谢 所据的,是哪一条 哈拉哈 定「掺在别物里的酵也在禁内」呢?答:他是据经上写着「有酵的物,你们都不可吃」。
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革玛拉问:那么 拉比以利以谢 定「掺在别物里的酵也在一条禁之内」,这条 哈拉哈 是从哪里得来的呢?
The Gemara asks: And Rabbi Eliezer, from where does he derive the halakha that leaven in its mixture is included in a prohibition?
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革玛拉答:他是据经上写着「有酵的物,你们都不可吃」。
The Gemara answers that he derives it as it is written: “You shall eat nothing leavened.”
43a.21
反驳
革玛拉难这一推:若是这样,「凡有酵的物」既把掺了酵的也收进来,那么吃掺了酵之物的也当受 剪除 才是,因经上写着「七日之内,你们的房中不可有酵;因为凡(凡)吃有酵之物的,无论是寄居的,是本地的,必从以色列会中剪除」(出埃及记 12:19)。这岂不见得:凡吃带酵之物的都当受 剪除 么?
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革玛拉难这一推:若是这样,「凡有酵的物」一语既把掺了酵的也收进来,那么吃掺了酵之物的也当受 剪除 才是。
The Gemara challenges this derivation: If so, if the expression: Anything leavened, includes leaven in a mixture, let one also be liable to receive karet for eating leaven in a mixture.
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因经上写着:「七日之内,你们的房中不可有酵;因为凡吃有酵之物的,无论是寄居的,是本地的,必从以色列会中剪除」(出埃及记 12:19)——那「凡」正是 凡。
As it is written: “Seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses; for whosoever eats anything [kol] leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the people of Israel, whether he is a sojourner or one born in the land” (Exodus 12:19).
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这岂不见得:凡吃带酵之物的,都当受 剪除 么?
Apparently, one is punished with karet for eating anything that contains leaven.
43a.22
解答
革玛拉答:拉比以利以谢 用「凡有酵的物」那一语,是为一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教的——「凡有酵的物」一语,我单得着自己发起酵来的是禁的;至于因别物之故而发酵的,吃了也当受 剪除,我是从哪里得来的呢?经上说「凡(凡)吃有酵之物的……必剪除」,可见因别物之故而发酵的也算作酵饼。
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革玛拉答:拉比以利以谢 要用「凡有酵的物」那一语,是为着一条 《巴拉伊塔》 所教的——「凡有酵的物」一语,我单得着「自己发起酵来的是禁的」这一层。
The Gemara answers that Rabbi Eliezer needs that phrase: Anything leavened, in order to derive for that which was taught in a baraita: From the phrase: Anything leavened, I have derived only that an item that became leavened on its own is prohibited.
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至于因别物之故而发酵的,人吃了也当受 剪除,我是从哪里得来的呢?
However, from where do I derive that one is punished with karet for eating an item that became leavened due to a different factor?
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经上说:「凡吃有酵之物的……必剪除」,那「凡」正是 凡;可见因别物之故而发酵的,也算作酵饼。
The verse states: “Whosoever eats anything [kol] leavened…shall be cut off,” indicating that food that became leavened due to a different factor is considered leavened bread.
43a.23
反驳
革玛拉问:若是这样——「凡有酵的物」既是指着因别物之故而发酵的说的——那么同一语出现在那一条禁上时,我也当解作为这一层而来;如此则吃掺了酵之物的便不犯什么禁了,因「凡有酵的物」一语根本不管那一件。
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革玛拉问:若是这样,就是说「凡有酵的物」一语是指着那因别物之故而发酵的说的,那么同一语出现在那一条禁上的时候,我也当解作为这一层而来。
The Gemara asks: If so, if the phrase: Anything leavened, is referring to food that became leavened by means of something else, then when this same phrase appears with regard to the prohibition, I should explain that it comes for that purpose as well.
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如此则吃掺了酵之物的便不犯什么禁了,因「凡有酵的物」一语看来根本不管那一件。
Consequently, there should be no violation for eating a mixture that contains leaven, as apparently, the phrase: Anything leavened, does not refer to that case at all.
43a.24
解答
不如说:拉比以利以谢 所据的,是「凡」(凡)这一个字。他不是从「有酵的物」推出来的,乃是靠「凡」这一放宽之辞立说。
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不如说:拉比以利以谢 这条 哈拉哈 所据的,是「凡」这一个字,就是 凡。
Rather, the reason for the opinion of Rabbi Eliezer is that he derives this halakha from the term anything [kol].
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他不是从「有酵的物」一语推出自己的意思来的,乃是靠「凡」这一放宽之辞立说。
He does not derive his opinion from the term leavened; he bases his ruling on the inclusive term anything.
43a.25
反驳
革玛拉出一难:那一处、就是说 剪除 的那一节,岂不也写着「凡(凡)吃有酵之物的,那人必剪除」么?革玛拉答:拉比以利以谢 要拿那一个字把妇人也收进来——她们吃了酵饼也一样当受 剪除。
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革玛拉出一难:那一处、就是说 剪除 的那一节,岂不也写着「凡吃有酵之物的,那人必剪除」,那「凡」也正是 凡 么?
The Gemara raises a difficulty: There, too, in the verse that mentions the punishment of karet, isn’t it written: “For whosoever [kol] eats anything leavened, that soul shall be cut off”?
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革玛拉答:拉比以利以谢 要拿那一个字把妇人也收进来——她们吃了酵饼,也一样当受 剪除。
The Gemara answers: Rabbi Eliezer requires that term to include women who are also punishable by karet for eating leavened bread.
43a.26
提问
革玛拉问:这一条 哈拉哈 还用得着这一处出处么?妇人不可吃酵饼,从 拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 所说的那一句已推得出来。拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 说(拉比以实玛利 门下一位贤者也这样教):经上说「你晓谕以色列人说:无论男女,若犯了人所常犯的罪,以致干犯耶和华,那人就有了罪」(民数记 5:6)——托拉在一切刑罚上,都把男人与妇人同等看待。逾越节吃酵饼的 剪除 既在这一通则之内,便不必另有一处出处把妇人收进来。
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革玛拉问:这一条 哈拉哈 还用得着这一处出处么?
The Gemara asks: Is this source necessary to derive this halakha?
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妇人不可吃酵饼,从 拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 所说的那一句已推得出来。
The fact that women may not eat leavened bread is derived from the statement that Rav Yehuda said that Rav said.
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拉夫犹大 传 拉夫 说——拉比以实玛利 门下一位贤者也这样教——经上说:「你晓谕以色列人说:无论男女,若犯了人所常犯的罪,以致干犯耶和华,那人就有了罪」(民数记 5:6)。
As Rav Yehuda said that Rav said, and similarly, the Sage in the school of Rabbi Yishmael taught: The verse said: “Speak to the children of Israel: A man or woman, when they commit any of the sins of men, to commit a trespass against the Lord, and that soul shall be guilty” (Numbers 5:6).
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托拉在一切刑罚上,都把男人与妇人同等看待。
The Torah rendered a man equal to a woman for all punishments of the Torah.
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逾越节里吃酵饼的 剪除 既在这一条通则之内,便不必另有一处出处把妇人收进来。
Since the punishment of karet for eating leavened bread on Passover is included in this general principle, there is no need for a separate source to include women.
43a.27
解答
革玛拉答:纵然如此,仍须有一处出处,专说男女在「吃酵饼的 剪除」这一件上是同等的——本面末句未完,接叶四十三背。
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革玛拉答:纵然如此,仍须有一处出处,专说男女在「吃酵饼当受 剪除」这一件上是同等的——
The Gemara answers: Nonetheless, it is necessary to cite a source that men and women are equal specifically with regard to the punishment of karet for eating leavened bread,